Common Name: SUNFLOWER FAMILY Habit: Annual to tree. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, simple to 2+ × compound. Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, resembling a flower, of several types (see below), 1--many in generally +- cyme-like cluster; each head generally with +- calyx-like involucre of 1--many series of phyllaries (involucre bracts); receptacle of head flat to conic or columnar, paleate (bearing paleae = receptacle bracts) or epaleate; flowers 1--many per head. Flower: bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, +- small, of several types (see below); calyx 0 or modified into +- persistent pappus of bristles, scales, and/or awns; corolla radial or bilateral (0), lobes generally (0)3--5; stamens 4--5, filaments generally free, generally fused to corolla at tube/throat junction, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, anther base generally rounded or cordate (deeply sagittate or with tail-like appendages), tip (= flattened appendage) generally projecting beyond pollen sac; pistil 1, 2-carpeled, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, placenta basal, style 1, tip generally +- 2-branched (except in some staminate disk flowers), branch tips truncate or generally bearing +- brush-like appendages; stigmas 2, generally on adaxial faces of style branches. Fruit: achene (also called a cypsela) (drupe in Chrysanthemoides), cylindric to ovoid, sometimes compressed, generally deciduous with pappus attached. Genera In Family: +- 1500 genera, 23000 species: worldwide, many habitats. Note: Flower and head types differ in form and sexual condition. A disk flower has a generally radial corolla, with a cylindric tube, expanded throat, and generally 5 lobes. Disk flowers are generally bisexual and fertile but occasionally staminate with reduced ovaries. Discoid heads comprise only disk flowers. A radiant head is a variant of a discoid head, with peripheral disk flower corollas expanded, often bilateral. A ray flower corolla is bilateral, generally with a slender tube and flattened petal-like ray (single lip composed of generally 3 lobes). Ray flowers are generally pistillate or sterile (occasionally lacking styles). Radiate heads have peripheral ray flowers and central disk flowers. Disciform heads superficially resemble discoid heads, with pistillate or sterile flowers that lack rays, together with or separate from disk flowers. A ligulate flower is bisexual, with a bilateral, generally ephemeral corolla and 5-lobed ligule. Liguliflorous heads comprise only ligulate flowers. See glossary p. 31 for illustrations of family characteristics. Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Gaillardia pulchella Foug., Hymenothrix loomisii S.F. Blake, Tagetes erecta L., Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze are waifs. Melampodium perfoliatum Kunth, historic urban waif. Ageratum conyzoides L., Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass., Santolina chamaecyparisus L., orth. var. are rare or uncommon escapes from cultivation. Dyssodia papposa, Ismelia carinata (Schousb.) Sch. Bip. [Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb.], Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill. are historical or extirpated waifs in California. Inula helenium L. not documented in California. Taxa of Aster in TJM (1993) treated here in Almutaster, Doellingeria, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oreostemma, Sericocarpus, Symphyotrichum; Chamomilla in Matricaria; Bahia in Hymenothrix; Cnicus in Centaurea; Conyza in Erigeron and Laennecia; Dugaldia in Hymenoxys; Erechtites in Senecio; Hymenoclea in Ambrosia; Lembertia in Monolopia; Osteospermum ecklonis in Dimorphotheca; Picris echioides in Helminthotheca; Prionopsis in Grindelia; Raillardiopsis in Anisocarpus and Carlquistia; Schkuhria multiflora in Picradeniopsis; Trimorpha in Erigeron; Venidium in Arctotis; Viguiera in Aldama and Bahiopsis; Whitneya in Arnica. Amauriopsis in TJM2 (2012) treated here in Hymenothrix; Arida in Leucosyris; Bahia in Picradeniopsis; Eucephalus in Doellingeria. Unabridged Note: Largest family of vascular plants in California and of eudicots globally. eFlora Treatment Author: David J. Keil, except as noted Scientific Editor: David J. Keil, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: NESTSTRAW Habit: Annual 1--10(20) cm, generally +- gray, cobwebby to tomentose. Stem: 1, erect, or 2--10+, ascending to decumbent, +- forked, generally evenly leafy proximally, +- leafless between distal forks. Leaf: alternate, +- sessile, generally elliptic to oblanceolate, entire; distal leaves subtending heads, crowded, largest wider than proximal leaves. Inflorescence: heads disciform, +- sessile, 2--10 per dense group; involucre 0 or vestigial, simulated by paleae, or +- cup-like (then phyllaries 1--4, +- unequal, like reduced paleae); receptacle length (2.8)4--8 × width, +- cylindric to club-shaped, glabrous; paleae of pistillate flowers each generally enclosing flower, or outermost open, deciduous with fruit, +- boat-shaped, acute to obtuse, +- woolly abaxially, obscurely parallel-veined (veins 5+), margin reflexed distally or fully as scarious wing, wing terminal, erect to curved inward, visible in head; paleae of disk flowers generally 2--5, reduced, erect, +- folded, lanceolate, acute, papery, scarious, glabrous or cobwebby. Pistillate Flower: 12--25+, all subtended by paleae; corolla obscure, narrowly cylindric. Disk Flower: staminate (ovary partly developed in some species), 2--6; pappus of (0)1--10(13) free, deciduous bristles, hidden in head; corolla generally 5-lobed; anther base tailed, tip +- triangular; style tips +- linear-oblong. Fruit: each enclosed by palea, +- obovoid, variously compressed, smooth, shiny, corolla scar +- terminal, pappus 0. Etymology: (Greek: column bed, for long receptacle) Note: Close to Logfia. See also Ancistrocarphus, Micropus. eFlora Treatment Author: James D. Morefield Reference: Morefield 2006 FNANM 19:450--453
Stylocline gnaphaloides Nutt.
NATIVE Habit: Plant 1--15(20) cm. Leaf: generally obtuse, not or scarcely mucronate, longest 6--14 mm; largest distal leaves 4--13 mm, 1.5--3 mm wide, spoon-shaped to obovate or elliptic. Inflorescence: heads +- spheric, +- cobwebby (hairs hidden by palea wings), often shiny, largest 3--6 mm diam; phyllaries 1--3.5 mm, +- ovate, +- persistent; receptacle 1.3--2.2 mm, 5--8 × width, cylindric; longest paleae 1.8--4.5 mm, winged throughout, wing +- cordate, widest in proximal 1/3 of palea, palea body (except midvein) papery; outermost paleae +- closed. Disk Flower: corolla 1--1.8 mm; ovary 0--0.2 mm. Fruit: 0.8--1 mm, compressed laterally; disk pappus bristles 1--5(6), 1.3--1.9 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=28. Ecology: Common. Open, generally sandy soil, often old disturbances; Elevation: < 1200(1700) m. Bioregional Distribution: s NCoRI, SNF, SnJV, CW, SW, sw DMoj (exc DMtns), w edge DSon; Distribution Outside California: south-central Arizona, to northwestern Mexico. Flowering Time: Mar--May Synonyms: Stylocline gnaphalioides, orth. var. Jepson eFlora Author: James D. Morefield Reference: Morefield 2006 FNANM 19:450--453 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Stylocline citroleum Next taxon: Stylocline intertexta
Botanical illustration including Stylocline gnaphaloides
Citation for this treatment: James D. Morefield 2012, Stylocline gnaphaloides, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=5185, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Stylocline gnaphaloides:
s NCoRI, SNF, SnJV, CW, SW, sw DMoj (exc DMtns), w edge DSon
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).