Common Name: GRASS FAMILY Habit: Annual to woody perennial herb; roots generally fibrous. Stem: generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid. Leaf: alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear, parallel-veined; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base. Inflorescence: various (of generally many spikelets). Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1--many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally +- transparent, +- enclosed by lemma. Flower: generally bisexual, minute; perianth vestigial; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose. Fruit: grain, sometimes achene- or utricle-like. Genera In Family: 650--900 genera; +- 10550 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials). Note: Generally wind-pollinated. Achnatherum, Ampelodesmos, Hesperostipa, Nassella, Piptatherum, Piptochaetium, Ptilagrostis moved to Stipa; Elytrigia, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Taeniatherum to Elymus; Hierochloe to Anthoxanthum; Lolium, Vulpia to Festuca; Lycurus to Muhlenbergia; Monanthochloe to Distichlis; Pleuraphis to Hilaria; Rhynchelytrum to Melinis. The following taxa (in genera not included here), recorded in California from historical collections or reported in literature, are extirpated, lacking vouchers, or not considered naturalized: Acrachne racemosa (Roth) Ohwi, Allolepis texana (Vasey) Soderstr. & H.F. Decker, Amphibromus nervosus (Hook. f.) Baill., Axonopus affinis Chase, Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Coix lacryma-jobi L., Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K. Richt., Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr., Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees, Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P. Beauv., Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C. Rivière, Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zuccarini, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Branner & Coville, Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Wooton & Standl., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Thysanolaena latifolia (Hornem.) Honda, Tribolium obliterum (Hemsl.) Renvoize, Zea mays L., Zizania palustris L. var. interior (Fassett) Dore, Zoysia japonica Steud. Paspalum pubiflorum E. Fourn., Paspalum quadrifarium Lam., are now reported for southern California (J Bot Res Inst Texas 4:761--770). See Glossary p. 30 for illustrations of general family characteristics. eFlora Treatment Author: James P. Smith, Jr., except as noted Scientific Editor: James P. Smith, Jr., J. Travis Columbus, Dieter H. Wilken.
Common Name: HAIR GRASS Habit: Annual, perennial herb. Stem: erect, 1 to densely clumped. Leaf: generally basal, tufted; ligule narrow, decurrent to sheath, glabrous to minutely hairy; blade flat to inrolled. Inflorescence: panicle- to spike-like, open to narrow. Spikelet: glumes, lemmas shiny; glumes +- equal, > lower floret; axis prolonged >= 0.75 mm beyond upper floret, conspicuously bristly (sometimes with vestigial floret at tip); florets 1--3, bisexual, breaking above glumes and between florets; callus soft-hairy; lemma rounded, 2--4-toothed at truncate tip, faintly 3--7-veined, awned at or below middle, awn straight to bent; palea +- = lemma. Species In Genus: 30--40 species: temperate America, Eurasia, New Zealand, Antarctica. Etymology: (Louis Auguste Deschamps, French naturalist, 1765--1842) Note:Deschampsia atropurpurea is now treated as Vahlodea atropurpurea. eFlora Treatment Author: Robert E. Preston & Dieter H. Wilken Unabridged Reference: Chiapella 2007 Taxon 56:55--64; Kawano 1963 Canad J Bot 41:719--742
Common Name: TUFTED HAIR GRASS Habit: Perennial herb, densely to loosely clumped. Stem: 2--10 dm. Leaf: glabrous to scabrous; ligule 3--8 mm, acute to obtuse, entire to toothed at tip; blade generally 8--20 cm, 1--4 mm wide, flat to inrolled. Inflorescence: narrow to open; lower branches erect to drooping. Spikelet: glumes, lemma tips +- purple; glumes +- equal, lanceolate, acute, lower 1-veined, upper 3-veined; florets generally 2; callus hairs generally < 1/3 lemma; lemma generally 4-toothed at tip, faintly 5-veined, awned at or below middle, awn straight to slightly bent. Chromosomes: 2n=26--28. Note: Subspecies intergrade, need study.
Citation for this treatment: Robert E. Preston & Dieter H. Wilken 2012, Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. holciformis, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=50133, accessed on June 25, 2022.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2022, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on June 25, 2022.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
MAP LEGEND View all CCH records All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
