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Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeri

HOOKER'S MANZANITA


Higher Taxonomy
Family: EricaceaeView DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: HEATH FAMILY
Habit: Perennial herb, shrub, tree. Stem: bark often peeling distinctively. Leaf: simple or 0, generally cauline, alternate, opposite (whorled), evergreen or deciduous, often leathery, petioled or not; stipules 0. Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, cyme, or flowers 1, terminal or axillary, generally bracted; pedicel often with 2 bractlets. Flower: generally bisexual, generally radial, bell-shaped, cylindric, or urn-shaped; sepals generally (0)4--5, generally free; petals generally (0)4--5, free or fused; stamens (2--5)8--10, free, filaments rarely appendaged, anthers dehiscing by pores or slits, awns 0 or 2(4), seemingly abaxial, reduced or elongate, generally curved; nectary generally present at ovary base, generally disk-like; ovary superior or inferior, chambers generally 1--5, placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1--many per chamber, style 1, stigma head- to funnel-like or lobed. Fruit: capsule, drupe, berry. Seed: generally many, winged or not.
Genera In Family: +- 100 genera, 3000 species: generally worldwide except deserts; some cultivated, especially Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Rhododendron, Vaccinium. Note: Monophyletic only if Empetraceae included, as treated here. Ledum included in Rhododendron. Non-green plants obtain nutrition from green plants through fungal intermediates.
eFlora Treatment Author: Gary D. Wallace, except as noted
Scientific Editor: Gary D. Wallace, Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Genus: ArctostaphylosView DescriptionDichotomous Key

Common Name: MANZANITA
Habit: Shrub to small tree, prostrate to erect. Stem: old stems generally +- red, smooth, bark generally thin, peeling, or generally +- gray or red-gray, shredding and rough; burls at base, woody, sprouting after fire, or generally 0; twig hairs 0 or generally +- like those on inflorescence axes, bracts. Leaf: alternate, evergreen; blade flat to convex, base lobed to wedge-shaped, clasping stem or not, margins generally flat, surfaces with stomata generally both abaxially, adaxially, alike in color, hairiness, less often only or fewer abaxially, generally differing in color, hairiness. Inflorescence: +- raceme (generally 0--1-branched) or panicle (generally 2--10-branched), terminal, nascent inflorescence present following stem growth, generally late spring through winter, remaining dormant 4--6 months prior to flower (except in Arctostaphylos pringlei subsp. drupacea); branches 0 or raceme-like; flower bracts leaf-like, generally flat, or scale-like, often folded, keeled, tips rounded to acute to awl-shaped. Flower: radial; sepals 5(4), free, persistent; corolla conic to urn-shaped, lobes in number = sepals, short, rounded, curved back, white to pink; stamens 2 × number of sepals, included, filaments swollen, generally hairy at base, anthers dark red, awns elongate; ovary superior, on disk, 2--10-chambered, ovule 1 per chamber. Fruit: drupe, generally +- depressed-spheric to spheric; flesh generally thick, +- mealy, occasionally 0; stones 2--10, free, fused, or some fused.
Etymology: (Greek: bear berries) Note: Rosatti (1986 Syst Bot 12:61--77) showed that in Arctostaphylos uva-ursi little to none of the variation in hairs (including length, glandularity) is genetically based; Crowe & Parker (2023 Ecol Evol 13(3): e9801) detail variation in stone fusion.
eFlora Treatment Author: V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey & Jon E. Keeley
Reference: Keeley 1997 Madroño 44:109--111; Parker et al. 2007 Madroño 54:148--155
Species: Arctostaphylos hookeriView Description 


Stem: twig (and nascent inflorescence axis) sparsely short-nonglandular-hairy. Leaf: erect; blade bright green, shiny, +- puberulent, glabrous in age, tip acute, margin entire, flat. Inflorescence: +- raceme, 0--1-branched; nascent inflorescence pendent, spheric or cup-like, dark, axis 0.3--1 cm, > 1 mm wide, crook-necked; bracts 2--5 mm, +- spreading, scale-like, deltate, glabrous; pedicel 2--6 mm, glabrous. Flower: ovary glabrous. Fruit: 3--8 mm wide, spheric, glabrous; stones variably fused or free. Chromosomes: 2n=26.

Arctostaphylos hookeri G. Don subsp. hookeri
NATIVE
Habit: Shrub, mounded to erect, 0.5--1.5 m. Leaf: petiole 4--8 mm; blade 2--3 cm, 1--1.5 cm wide, lanceolate to widely elliptic. Fruit: 3--8 mm wide.
Ecology: Chaparral, closed-cone pine forest; Elevation: < 200 m. Bioregional Distribution: n CCo, s SnFrB (s Santa Cruz Mtns). Flowering Time: Feb--Apr
Synonyms: Andromeda venulosa DC.; Arctostaphylos acuta Nutt.; Arctostaphylos uva-ursi subsp. hookeri (G. Don) Roof; Xerobotrys venulosus Nutt.
Jepson eFlora Author: V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey & Jon E. Keeley
Reference: Keeley 1997 Madroño 44:109--111; Parker et al. 2007 Madroño 54:148--155
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)
Listed on CNPS Rare Plant Inventory

Previous taxon: Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hearstiorum
Next taxon: Arctostaphylos hooveri

Botanical illustration including Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeribotanical illustration including Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeri


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Citation for this treatment: V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey & Jon E. Keeley 2023, Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeri, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 12, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=49177, accessed on October 03, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on October 03, 2024.

Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeri
click for image enlargement
©2011 Chris Winchell
Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeri
click for image enlargement
©2011 Chris Winchell
Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeri
click for image enlargement
©2012 Neal Kramer
Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeri
click for image enlargement
©2012 Neal Kramer
Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeri
click for image enlargement
©2011 Chris Winchell

More photos of Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeri
in CalPhotos



Geographic subdivisions for Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hookeri:
n CCo, s SnFrB (s Santa Cruz Mtns).
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map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

Data provided by the participants of the  Consortium of California Herbaria.

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All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month Flowering-Fruiting Monthly Counts

Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).