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Vascular Plants of California
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Viola macloskeyi

MACLOSKEY'S VIOLET, SMALL WHITE VIOLET, SMOOTH WHITE VIOLET


Higher Taxonomy
Family: ViolaceaeView Description 
Common Name: VIOLET FAMILY
Habit: Annual, perennial herb, [small shrub, tree, vine], from caudices, taproots, rhizomes, or stolons; hairs 0 or simple. Stem: 0 or prostrate to erect. Leaf: basal, cauline, or both, alternate, [opposite], simple to compound, petioled; stipules generally small; blade linear to round, entire to toothed or lobed. Inflorescence: flowers 1 [raceme], axillary or scapose; peduncle bractlets 2, generally alternate. Flower: bisexual, bilateral [radial]; sepals 5, free, basal lobes present [0], generally not prominent; petals 5, free, lowest often largest, base +- elongated into a spur; stamens 5, alternate petals, filaments short, wide, with large in-pointing hairs, lowest 2 anthers with basal nectaries extending into petal spur; ovary superior, chamber 1, placentas parietal, 3, ovules [1] generally many, style 1, often enlarged distally, stigma often oblique or hooked, hairy or not. Fruit: capsule [berry], 3-valved, loculicidal, explosively dehiscent or not. Seed: generally with outgrowth, attractive to ants.
Genera In Family: 23 genera, 830 species: worldwide, generally temperate, tropics (especially higher elevations). Note: Lengths of lowest petal including spur.
eFlora Treatment Author: R. John Little
Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Genus: ViolaView DescriptionDichotomous Key


Common Name: VIOLET
Leaf: generally deciduous. Flower: sepals +- equal, entire; petals unequal, lowest generally largest, with spur generally < 3 [20] mm, lateral 2 equal, generally spreading, upper 2 equal, erect or reflexed, overlapped or not, lateral 2 generally, others sometimes with beard of variously shaped hairs basally; cleistogamous flowers generally present, petals 0. Fruit: ovoid to oblong, hairy or not. Seed: 8--75.
Etymology: (Latin: classical name) Note: Important orns including Viola odorata, Viola tricolor L. (Johnny-jump-up, wild pansy), Viola ×wittrockiana Gams (garden pansy).
Unabridged Reference: Baker, M.S. 1949a. Studies in western violets. IV. Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 141--147; Baker, M.S. 1949b. Studies in western violets. VI; Madroño 10: 110--128; Baker, M.S. 1957. Brittonia 9: 217--230; Ballard, H.E. 1992. Systematics of Viola Section Viola in North Am north of Mexico. M.S. thesis, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan; Ballard, H.E. 1994. Violets of Michigan. Michigan Botanist 33: 131--199; Davidse, G. 1976. A study of some Intermountain violets (Viola Sect. Chamaemelanium). Madroño 23: 274--283; Fabijan et al. 1987. The taxonomy of the Viola nuttallii complex. Can. J. Bot. 65: 2562--2580; Gil-ad, N.L. 1995. Systematics and evolution of Viola L. subsection Boreali-Americanae (W. Becker) Brizicky. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Gil-ad, N.L. 1997. Systematics of Viola subsection Boreali-Americanae. Boissiera 53: 1--130; Gil-ad, N.L. 1998. The micromorphologies of seed coats and petal trichomes of the taxa of Viola subsect. Boreali-Americanae (Violaceae) and their utility in discerning orthospecies from hybrids. Brittonia 50: 91--121; Hitchcock, C.L. 1961. Vasc. Pl. Pacific NorthW. Vol. 3; McKinney, L.E. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the acaulescent blue violets (Viola) of North Am. Sida Botanical Miscellany, 7: 1--59; McKinney, L.E. and N. Russell. 2002. Violaceae of the Southeastern United States. Castanea 4: 369--379; Russell, N.H. 1965. Violets (Viola) of the central and eastern United States: an introductory survey. Sida 1: 1--113
Viola macloskeyi F.E. Lloyd
NATIVE
Habit: Perennial herb to 10 cm, from short, fleshy rhizomes, forming dense patches by late season stolons, glabrous to coarsely hairy. Stem: 0. Leaf: simple, basal, ascending to erect, petiole 1--10 cm, blade 1--6.5 cm, 1--5.5 cm wide, reniform to ovate, +- entire to shallowly crenate, not ciliate, base cordate, tip rounded to acute. Inflorescence: scapose; peduncle 2.5--21 cm. Flower: sepals ovate to lanceolate, not ciliate; petals white, lower 3 veined purple, lateral 2 bearded with cylindric hairs or not, lowest 6--12 mm. Fruit: 5--7 mm, elliptic, glabrous. Seed: 1--1.5 mm, beige to bronze. Chromosomes: 2n=24.
Ecology: Bogs, wet meadows, seeps, lake margins, streamsides, mesic roadside depressions, often with mosses; Elevation: 600--3370[3600] m. Bioregional Distribution: n&c CA-FP (mountains), SnBr, SnJt, Wrn, SNE; Distribution Outside California: to Yukon Territory, eastern Canada, North Carolina, Nevada. Flowering Time: Mar--Sep
Synonyms: Viola blanda Willd. subsp. macloskeyi (F.E. Lloyd) A.E. Murray; Viola blanda var. macloskeyi (F.E. Lloyd) Jeps.; Viola macloskeyi subsp. pallens (Banks ex DC.) M.S. Baker; Viola pallens (Banks ex DC.) Brainerd; Viola pallens subsp. macloskeyi (F.E. Lloyd) M.S. Baker
Jepson eFlora Author: R. John Little
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)

Previous taxon: Viola lobata subsp. lobata
Next taxon: Viola nephrophylla

Botanical illustration including Viola macloskeyibotanical illustration including Viola macloskeyi


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Citation for this treatment: R. John Little 2012, Viola macloskeyi, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=48239, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Viola macloskeyi
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©1998 John Game
Viola macloskeyi
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©2009 Keir Morse
Viola macloskeyi
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©2005 Steve Matson
Viola macloskeyi
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©2014 California Academy of Sciences
Viola macloskeyi
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©2002 George W. Hartwell

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Geographic subdivisions for Viola macloskeyi:
n&c CA-FP (mountains), SnBr, SnJt, Wrn, SNE
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map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

Data provided by the participants of the  Consortium of California Herbaria.

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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month Flowering-Fruiting Monthly Counts

Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).