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University of California, Berkeley
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Trifolium wormskioldii

COW CLOVER


Higher Taxonomy
Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)View DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: LEGUME FAMILY
Habit: Annual to tree. Leaf: generally alternate, generally compound, generally stipuled, generally entire, pinnately veined Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; or flowers 1--few in axils. Flower: generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium 0 or flat to tubular; sepals generally 5, generally fused; petals generally 5, free, fused, or lower 2 +- united into keel (see 3, Key to Groups, for banner, wings); stamens 10 or many (or [1], 5, 6, 7, 9), free or fused or 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1--many, style, stigma 1. Fruit: legume, including a stalk-like base (above receptacle) or not. Seed: 1--many, often +- reniform, generally hard, smooth.
Genera In Family: +- 730 genera, 19400 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture, most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis, peanut; Glycine, soybean; Phaseolus, beans; Medicago, alfalfa; Trifolium, clovers; many orns. Note: Unless stated otherwise, fruit length including stalk-like base, number of 2° leaflets is per 1° leaflet. Upper suture of fruit adaxial, lower abaxial. Anthyllis vulneraria L. evidently a waif, a contaminant of legume seed from Europe. Laburnum anagyroides Medik., collected on Mount St. Helena in 1987, may be naturalized. Ceratonia siliqua L., carob tree (Group 2), differs from Gleditsia triacanthos L. in having evergreen (vs deciduous) leaves that are 1-pinnate (vs 1-pinnate on spurs on old stems, 2-pinnate on new stems) with 2--5(8) (vs 7--17) 1° leaflets, commonly cultivated, now naturalized in southern California. Aeschynomene rudis Benth. , Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss (possibly extirpated), Lens culinaris Medik. are agricultural weeds. Caragana arborescens Lam. only cult. Ononis alopecuroides L. , Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC. all evidently extirpated. Cercidium moved to Parkinsonia; Chamaecytisus to Cytisus; Psoralidium lanceolatum to Ladeania.
eFlora Treatment Author: Martin F. Wojciechowski, except as noted
Scientific Editor: Martin F. Wojciechowski, Thomas J. Rosatti.
Genus: TrifoliumView DescriptionDichotomous Key


Common Name: CLOVER
Habit: Annual, perennial herb, unarmed. Leaf: generally palmately compound; stipules conspicuous, partly fused to petiole, generally papery or membranous; leaflets generally 3, occasionally 5--9, +- toothed or wavy. Inflorescence: raceme (generally umbel-like), head, or spike, axillary or terminal, generally many-flowered, generally involucred, generally peduncled; inflorescence bracts 0 or forming vestigial ring or involucre; flower bracts present or not. Flower: generally spreading to erect, generally becoming reflexed; corolla generally purple to pale lavender, occasionally yellow, persistent after flower; 9 filaments fused, 1 free. Fruit: generally indehiscent but generally breaking, short, plump, generally enclosed in corolla; base generally stalk-like. Seed: 1--6.
Etymology: (Latin: 3 leaves)
eFlora Treatment Author: Michael A. Vincent
Reference: Foster & Vincent 2018 Madroño 65:141--150; Morgan et al. 2014 Novon 23:65--69; Tressel et al. 2022 Madroño 69:327--340; Vincent & Gillett 2023 FNANM 11(2):914--974
Unabridged Reference: Gillett 1980 Canad J Bot 58:1425--1448; Zohary & Heller 1984 Genus Trifolium; Ellison et al. 2006 Mol Phylogen Evol 39:688--705
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
NATIVE
Habit: Perennial herb, cespitose or not, glabrous, rhizomed. Stem: decumbent or ascending. Leaf: generally basal; lower stipules bristle-tipped, upper wide, toothed or sharply lobed; leaflets 1--3 cm, narrowly elliptic to widely ovate. Inflorescence: head-like, included or exserted from leaves, 2--3 cm wide; involucre wheel-shaped, segments or lobes many. Flower: calyx 7--11 mm, lobes tapered, tips bristled; corolla 12--16 mm, pink-purple or magenta, tip white. Fruit: stalk-like base 0--1 mm. Seed: 2--4. Chromosomes: 2n=16,32.
Ecology: Beaches to mountain meadows, ridges, generally open moist or marshy places; Elevation: < 3200 m. Bioregional Distribution: NW, CaR, SN, SnJV, CW, SCo, PR, SNE; Distribution Outside California: to British Columbia, Wyoming, New Mexico, Mexico. Flowering Time: May--Oct Note: Incl matted, rhizomed form in dry coastal sands; lush, long-stemmed form at low to mid elevations; slender, generally much smaller form at mid to high elevations.
Jepson eFlora Author: Michael A. Vincent
Reference: Foster & Vincent 2018 Madroño 65:141--150; Morgan et al. 2014 Novon 23:65--69; Tressel et al. 2022 Madroño 69:327--340; Vincent & Gillett 2023 FNANM 11(2):914--974
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)

Previous taxon: Trifolium willdenovii
Next taxon: Ulex

Botanical illustration including Trifolium wormskioldiibotanical illustration including Trifolium wormskioldii


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Citation for this treatment: Michael A. Vincent 2023, Trifolium wormskioldii, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 12, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=47188, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Trifolium wormskioldii
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©2020 Neal Kramer
Trifolium wormskioldii
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©2019 Neal Kramer
Trifolium wormskioldii
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©2009 Barry Breckling
Trifolium wormskioldii
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©2021 Neal Kramer
Trifolium wormskioldii
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©2007 Neal Kramer

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Geographic subdivisions for Trifolium wormskioldii:
NW, CaR, SN, SnJV, CW, SCo, PR, SNE
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map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

Data provided by the participants of the  Consortium of California Herbaria.

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All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
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CCH collections by month Flowering-Fruiting Monthly Counts

Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).