Common Name: ORCHID FAMILY Habit: Perennial herb, terrestrial [growing on other pls], non-green (nutrition from association of roots with fungi) or green, generally from rhizomes or tubers with few to many fleshy to slender roots; cauline leaves +- reduced to sheathing stem bracts or not. Leaf: 1--many, basal to cauline, linear to +- round, alternate to opposite (if only 1 pair), generally sessile. Inflorescence: flowers 1--many, spike or raceme, bracted. Flower: bisexual, bilateral, in bud generally rotating 180° by twisting ovary (position of parts indicated after twisting); sepals generally 3, generally free, generally petal-like, uppermost generally erect, lateral with chin- or spur-like projection (mentum) or not; petals 3, 1 (lip) different, spurred or not; stamens generally 1 (3 in Cypripedium, 2 functional, 1 a staminode), fused with style, stigma into column, pollen generally lumped, generally removed as unit by insect; ovary inferior, 1-chambered, placentas 3, parietal, stigma 3 lobed, generally under column tip. Fruit: capsule. Seed: many, minute. Genera In Family: +- 800 genera, +- 25000 species: especially tropics (worldwide except Antarctica). Many cultivated for ornament, especially Cattleya, Cymbidium, Epidendrum, Oncidium, Paphiopedilum; Vanilla planifolia Andrews fruits used to flavor food. Note:Platanthera may be paraphyletic without inclusion of Piperia (Bateman et al. 2009 Ann Bot 104:431--445); study needed. eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald A. Coleman, Dieter H. Wilken & William F. Jennings, except as noted Scientific Editor: Ronald A. Coleman, Thomas J. Rosatti.
Common Name: LADIES' TRESSES Habit: Erect. Leaf: Basal, sometimes also ascending-cauline, linear to lanceolate [ovate, eastern North America], 0 to several at flowering. Inflorescence: spike, flowers in generally dense to lax spiral; bracts < to > flowers, concave around ovary, gradually reduced upward, lanceolate. Flower: Generally white, sometime ivory-green to cream [pink, Asia], sepals, lateral petals narrow-lanceolate; upper sepal +- fused to lateral petals, lower sepals +- free, +- = lip; lip with 2 small basal nectar glands, not spurred; column < lip. Fruit: Ovoid. Etymology: (Greek: coiled flowers) eFlora Treatment Author: Matthew C. Pace & Kenneth M. Cameron Reference: Sheviak 2012 Native Orchid Conf J 9(4):1--6, Sheviak 2013 Native Orchid Conf J 10(2):1--31; Pace & Cameron 2019 Taxon 68:199--217
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham.
NATIVE Habit: Plant 5--60 cm. Leaf: linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate. Inflorescence: dense, flowers tightly spiraled. Flower: ovate in profile, white to ivory; sepals sweeping upward with tips meeting the upper sepal and petals (forming 'hood'); lip broadly fiddle-shaped, strongly recurved, centrally white to greenish-yellow, often with lime-green veins. Fruit: light brown. Chromosomes: 2n=44,88. Ecology: Bogs, wet meadows, freshwater marshes, fens, seeps, wet roadsides, edges of open conifer forests, coastal dune swales; Elevation: < 3300 m. Bioregional Distribution: NW, CaR, SN exc Teh, CW exc SCoRI, MP, SNE; Distribution Outside California: to Alaska, northeastern North America, New Mexico; northwestern Europe. Flowering Time: Jul--Sep Note: Floral hood (upper sepal) development is occasionally poor; in such plants, flowers are still white and the lip is fiddle-shaped with a broadly dilated tip (the margin sometimes brown, crisped) and lime-green veins. Jepson eFlora Author: Matthew C. Pace & Kenneth M. Cameron Reference: Sheviak 2012 Native Orchid Conf J 9(4):1--6, Sheviak 2013 Native Orchid Conf J 10(2):1--31; Pace & Cameron 2019 Taxon 68:199--217 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Spiranthes porrifolia Next taxon: Spiranthes ×sierrae
Botanical illustration including Spiranthes romanzoffiana
Citation for this treatment: Matthew C. Pace & Kenneth M. Cameron 2023, Spiranthes romanzoffiana, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 12, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=45264, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Spiranthes romanzoffiana:
NW, CaR, SN exc Teh, CW exc SCoRI, MP, SNE
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).