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Vascular Plants of California
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Salix gooddingii

GOODDING'S BLACK WILLOW


Higher Taxonomy
Family: SalicaceaeView DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: WILLOW FAMILY
Habit: Shrub, tree; dioecious (monoecious). Stem: trunk < 40 m; wood soft; bark smooth, bitter; buds scaly. Leaf: simple, alternate, deciduous; stipules generally present, deciduous or not, often large. Inflorescence: catkin [or various, or flowers 1]; each flower subtended by 1 bract. Flower: perianth modified into non-nectariferous, cup- or saucer-shaped structure or reduced to adaxial nectary (rarely also with abaxial nectary, then free or fused into shallow cup). Staminate Flower: stamens 2--many. Pistillate Flower: pistil 1, ovary superior to 1/2-inferior, chambers generally 2--4, placentas parietal, stigma lobes 2--4. Fruit: berry, drupe, or 2--4-valved capsule. Seed: often with basal tuft of hairs.
Genera In Family: 58 genera, 1210 species: widespread in tropics, northern temperate, arctic. Note: Now including many genera (e.g., Flacourtia, Idesia, Xylosma) formerly in Flacourtiaceae, at least in part because of presence on leaf margins in both families of salicoid teeth (vein extending to tooth tip). In California (and generally outside California), Populus pollinated by wind, Salix by insects, wind. Hybrids common; identification often difficult.
eFlora Treatment Author: John O. Sawyer, Jr., except as noted
Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Genus: SalixView DescriptionDichotomous Key


Common Name: WILLOW
Habit: Shrub, tree; dioecious; bud scale 1, not sticky, margins generally fused (or free, overlapping). Stem: twigs generally flexible, generally not glaucous. Leaf: generally alternate; stipules generally vestigial on first leaves, leaf-like on later; mature blade linear to broadly obovate, entire to toothed, generally +- hairy; petiole glands generally 0. Inflorescence: catkin, blooming before, with, or after leaves, sessile or terminating +- short leafy or bracted shoot ("on leafy shoot" or "on bracted shoot," "catkin length" including leafless or bractless part of subtending shoot); 1 flower bract subtending each flower, deciduous or persistent, brown, black, or 2-colored (paler proximally, darker distally; darker generally +- brown). Flower: perianth reduced to adaxial nectary (rarely also with abaxial nectary, then free or fused into shallow cup). Staminate Flower: stamens (1)2(10); nectary generally 1. Pistillate Flower: ovary stalked or sessile, style generally 1, stigmas 2, each 2-lobed, deciduous or persistent; nectary generally 1, generally rod-like. Fruit: valves 2.
Etymology: (Latin: ancient name) Note: Difficult, highly variable, many hybrids. Not all specimens key easily; sprouts, other extreme forms not included in keys, may require field comparisons. Studies of chromosome numbers, hybridization needed. Inclusion of Salix sessilifolia Nutt. in TJM (1993) based on misidentification of plants belonging to Salix melanopsis. Fruit length as given throughout excludes the stalk (stipe). Hair lengths: minute, < +- 0.5 mm; short, +- 0.5 mm; long, > +- 0.5 mm. Salix commutata Bebb, treated as misapplied to Salix eastwoodiae in TJM (1993), may occur in northern California mountains; Salix bonplandiana expected in s-most California. For alternate treatments, see Dorn (e.g., 2000 Brittonia 52:1--19).
eFlora Treatment Author: George W. Argus
Reference: Argus 1997 Madroño 44:115--136
Unabridged Reference: Dorn, R. D. 1995. A taxonomic study of Salix section Cordatae subsection Luteae (Salicaceae). Brittonia 47: 160--174. Dorn, R. D. 1998. A taxonomic study of Salix section Longifoliae (Salicaceae) Brittonia 50: 193--210. Dorn, R. D. 2000. A taxonomic study of Salix sections Mexicanae and Viminella subsection Sitchenses (Salicaceae) in North America. Brittonia 52: 1--19.
Salix gooddingii C.R. Ball
NATIVE
Habit: Shrub or tree < 30 m. Stem: twigs +- yellow or yellow-green or red-brown, velvety or soft-shaggy-hairy, glabrous in age, brittle at base or not; bud scale margins free, overlapping. Leaf: stipules generally leaf-like; petiole 4--10 mm, generally with glands; young leaves white-hairy; mature blade 67--130 mm, linear to narrowly elliptic, acuminate (base wedge-shaped), finely serrate, abaxial hairs generally minute, spreading, wavy, to 0. Inflorescence: blooming with leaves, pistillate 23--82 mm, on leafy shoots 2--48 mm (margins of shoot-leaves finely serrate); flower bract +- tan; pistillate bracts deciduous. Staminate Flower: stamens 4--6; nectaries adaxial, abaxial. Pistillate Flower: ovary glabrous or hairy, stalk 1.2--3.2 mm, style 0.1--0.3 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=38.
Ecology: Common. Streamsides, marshes, seepage areas, washes, meadows; Elevation: 20--2500 (generally < 500) m. Bioregional Distribution: NCoRI, CaRF, SNF, GV, SCo, PR, GB, D (esp GV, D); Distribution Outside California: to Texas, Mexico. Flowering Time: Mar--Apr
Synonyms: Salix gooddingii var. variabilis C.R. Ball
Jepson eFlora Author: George W. Argus
Reference: Argus 1997 Madroño 44:115--136
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)

Previous taxon: Salix geyeriana
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Botanical illustration including Salix gooddingiibotanical illustration including Salix gooddingii


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Citation for this treatment: George W. Argus 2012, Salix gooddingii, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=42825, accessed on October 06, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on October 06, 2024.

Salix gooddingii
click for image enlargement
©2019 Barry Breckling
Salix gooddingii
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©2013 Neal Kramer
Salix gooddingii
click for image enlargement
©2019 Barry Breckling
Salix gooddingii
click for image enlargement
©2013 Neal Kramer
Salix gooddingii
click for image enlargement
©2013 Neal Kramer

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Geographic subdivisions for Salix gooddingii:
NCoRI, CaRF, SNF, GV, SCo, PR, GB, D (esp GV, D)
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map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

Data provided by the participants of the  Consortium of California Herbaria.

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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month Flowering-Fruiting Monthly Counts

Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).