Common Name: BUCKWHEAT FAMILY Habit: Annual to shrub [tree]. Stem: nodes swollen or not. Leaf: simple, basal or cauline, generally alternate; ocreae present or 0, generally scarious, persistent or not. Inflorescence: flower clusters in axillary to terminal cyme-, panicle-, raceme-, spike-, umbel- or head-like arrangements, entire inflorescence or main inflorescence branches generally subtended by bracts ("inflorescence bracts"); peduncles present or 0; flower clusters in Eriogoneae-Eriogonoideae subtended by involucre of >= 1 free or +- fused, sometimes awn-tipped bracts ("involucre bracts") or, in Polygonoideae and rarely in Eriogonoideae, not (if bracts completely fused, involucre "tubular"); pedicels in Eriogoneae each often subtended by 2 free, transparent, linear bractlets or in Polygonoideae all subtended by 2+ fused, membranous, wide bractlets. Flower: generally bisexual, small, 1--200 per node; perianth parts 2--6, generally in 2 whorls, free or basally fused, generally petal-like, often +- concave adaxially, often darker at midvein, often turning +- red or +- brown in age; stamens [1]3 or 6--9 in 2 whorls; ovary superior, 1-chambered, ovule 1, styles 1--3. Fruit: achenes, included in or exserted from perianth, generally 3-angled, ovoid or elliptic, generally glabrous. Genera In Family: 48 genera, +- 1200 species: worldwide, especially northern temperate; some cultivated for food (Coccoloba, sea-grape; Fagopyrum, Rheum, Rumex) or ornamental (Antigonon, lovechain; Coccoloba; Muehlenbeckia; Persicaria; Polygonum), a few timbered (Coccoloba; Triplaris). Several (Emex; Fallopia; Persicaria; Polygonum; Rumex) are weeds. Note: Treatment of genera in Eriogonoideae based on monographic work of James L. Reveal. Involucre number throughout is number (1--many) per ultimate grouping, at tips of ultimate branches; flower number is per flower cluster or involucre, unless otherwise stated. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench not naturalized, considered an historical waif (or garden weed +- presently), therefore not treated. eFlora Treatment Author: Mihai Costea, except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: DOCK Habit: Annual to perennial herb; glabrous or papillate and hairy; rhizomed, stoloned, or generally from taproot with a short caudex; occasionally dioecious. Stem: prostrate, decumbent, or generally erect to ascending, often +- ridged, red-brown in fruit, nodes +- swollen. Leaf: generally basal and cauline, alternate, petioled except uppermost cauline; ocreae deciduous to persistent. Inflorescence: axillary or generally terminal, generally panicle-like. Flower: generally bisexual, bell-shaped, glabrous, green, +- pink, or red; perianth lobes 6, persistent, in fruit outer 3 +- inconspicuous, inner 3 enlarged, hardened, +- veiny, covering fruit, midrib of 1--3 often expanded into tubercle; stamens 6; stigmas 3, fringed. Fruit: achene, glabrous, +- black or dark brown to +- red. Etymology: (Latin: sorrel) Note: Mature inner perianth lobes generally needed for identification. Species often hybridize. eFlora Treatment Author: Scott Simono
Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.
NATIVE Habit: Perennial herb, glabrous to puberulent; rhizomes short, roots tuber-like, clustered. Stem: erect (ascending), 2.5--9(10) dm, stout, +- fleshy. Leaf: blade (5)8--30 cm, 2--8(12) cm wide, fleshy, lanceolate to oblong, base tapered, margin entire, flat to +- wavy, tip acute to acuminate (obtuse). Inflorescence: terminal, dense, generally branched; whorls 5--20-flowered; pedicels 5--15(20) mm, thread-like, +- jointed. Flower: inner perianth lobes 11--16 mm, 9.5--14 mm wide, oblong- to round-cordate, base wavy, margin entire or at base notched, tip obtuse or +- acute; tubercles 0. Fruit: 4--5(7) mm, 2.5--4.5(5) mm wide, brown to red-brown. Chromosomes: 2n=40. Ecology: Sandy, rocky places, plains, slopes, streambeds, alkaline soils; Elevation: < 2000 m. Bioregional Distribution: SnJV, SW, DMoj; Distribution Outside California: to Montana, Texas; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua). Flowering Time: Jan--May Note: Reported from CCo, SCoR. Jepson eFlora Author: Scott Simono Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Rumex fueginus Next taxon: Rumex kerneri
Botanical illustration including Rumex hymenosepalus
Citation for this treatment: Scott Simono 2012, Rumex hymenosepalus, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=42399, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).