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Quercus kelloggii

CALIFORNIA BLACK OAK


Higher Taxonomy
Family: FagaceaeView DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: OAK FAMILY
Habit: Shrub, tree, evergreen or not; monoecious. Leaf: simple, alternate, petioled; margin entire to lobed; stipules small, generally deciduous. Staminate Inflorescence: catkin or stiff spike, many-flowered. Pistillate Inflorescence: 1--few-flowered, generally above staminate inflorescence; involucre bracts many, generally overlapping, flat or cylindric. Staminate Flower: calyx generally 4--6-lobed, minute; petals 0; stamens 4--12+. Pistillate Flower: calyx generally 6-lobed, minute; petals 0; ovary inferior, style branches generally 3. Fruit: 1 nut subtended, partly enclosed by scaly, cup-like involucre or 1--3 nuts subtended, enclosed by spiny, bur-like involucre; mature years 1--2. Seed: generally 1.
Genera In Family: 7 genera, +- 900 species: generally northern hemisphere. Note: Wood of Quercus critical for pre-20th century ship-building, charcoal for metallurgy; some now supply wood (Fagus, Quercus), cork (Quercus suber), food (Castanea, chestnut). Lithocarpus densiflorus moved to Notholithocarpus.
eFlora Treatment Author: John M. Tucker, except as noted
Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Genus: QuercusView DescriptionDichotomous Key


Common Name: OAK
Habit: Evergreen or not. Leaf: stipules small, generally early-deciduous. Staminate Inflorescence: catkins, 1--several, pendent, slender, proximal on twig. Pistillate Inflorescence: in distal leaf axils, short-stalked; flower generally 1. Staminate Flower: stamens 4--10. Pistillate Flower: calyx minute, generally 6-lobed; ovary enclosed by involucre. Fruit: nut 1, partly enclosed by cup-like involucre (cup) with appressed scales (nut and cup = acorn), remnants of perianth and style persistent as small point at tip; scales tubercled to not; mature in years 1 (on younger stems) or 2 (on older stems). Chromosomes: 2n=24.
Etymology: (Latin: ancient name for oak) Note: Many named hybrids; those (3) treated here form widespread populations; most others occur as single individuals, and some but not all of these are mentioned here, under the first parent treated (alphabetically). Reproduction of many species declining due to habitat degradation or loss as well as disease. Quercus robur added, as waif.
eFlora Treatment Author: Thomas J. Rosatti & John M. Tucker
Reference: Manos et al. 1999 Molec Phylogen Evol 12:333--349
Unabridged Reference: Cottam, W. P., J. M. Tucker, & F. S. Santamour. 1982. Oak hybridization at the University of Utah. State Arboretum of Utah Publication No. 1. Salt Lake City; Hardin, J. W. 1975. Hybridization and introgression in Quercus alba. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 56: 336--363; Manos, P. S., Doyle, J. J., & Nixon, K. C. 1999. Phylogeny, biogeography, and processes of molecular differentiation of Quercus subgenus Quercus (Fagaceae). Molec Phylogen Evol 12: 333--349.
Quercus kelloggii Newb.
NATIVE
Habit: Tree < 35 m, deciduous; trunk bark deeply furrowed, checkered, dark gray-brown to black. Leaf: (6)9--20 cm; petiole (3)10--40 mm; blade widely elliptic, obovate, or +- round, adaxially glabrous, bright green, abaxially finely tomentose, +- glabrous in age, pale green, tip generally acute, bristled, margin lobes generally 6 per leaf, with 1--4 coarse, generally bristle-tipped teeth. Fruit: cup 16--25 mm wide, 15--25 mm deep, generally cup-shaped, scales thin, not tubercled, glabrous to puberulent; nut 20--35 mm, oblong-ovoid, puberulent, distally obtuse to +- rounded, shell woolly inside; mature in year 2.
Ecology: Slopes, valleys, woodland, conifer forest; Elevation: 30--2660 m. Bioregional Distribution: CA-FP (exc GV, SCo, ChI), MP; Distribution Outside California: Oregon, Baja California. Flowering Time: Mid Feb--May Note: Hybridizes with Quercus agrifolia, Quercus parvula var. parvula, Quercus parvula var. shrevei, Quercus wislizeni (Quercus ×morehus Kellogg).
Jepson eFlora Author: Thomas J. Rosatti & John M. Tucker
Reference: Manos et al. 1999 Molec Phylogen Evol 12:333--349
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)

Previous taxon: Quercus john-tuckeri
Next taxon: Quercus lobata

Botanical illustration including Quercus kelloggiibotanical illustration including Quercus kelloggii


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Citation for this treatment: Thomas J. Rosatti & John M. Tucker 2014, Quercus kelloggii, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 2, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=40652, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Quercus kelloggii
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©2013 Neal Kramer
Quercus kelloggii
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©2014 Neal Kramer
Quercus kelloggii
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©2014 Neal Kramer
Quercus kelloggii
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©2004 Julie Kierstead Nelson
Quercus kelloggii
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©2014 Neal Kramer

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Geographic subdivisions for Quercus kelloggii:
CA-FP (exc GV, SCo, ChI), MP
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map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

Data provided by the participants of the  Consortium of California Herbaria.

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All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month Flowering-Fruiting Monthly Counts

Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).