Common Name: WILLOW FAMILY Habit: Shrub, tree; dioecious (monoecious). Stem: trunk < 40 m; wood soft; bark smooth, bitter; buds scaly. Leaf: simple, alternate, deciduous; stipules generally present, deciduous or not, often large. Inflorescence: catkin [or various, or flowers 1]; each flower subtended by 1 bract. Flower: perianth modified into non-nectariferous, cup- or saucer-shaped structure or reduced to adaxial nectary (rarely also with abaxial nectary, then free or fused into shallow cup). Staminate Flower: stamens 2--many. Pistillate Flower: pistil 1, ovary superior to 1/2-inferior, chambers generally 2--4, placentas parietal, stigma lobes 2--4. Fruit: berry, drupe, or 2--4-valved capsule. Seed: often with basal tuft of hairs. Genera In Family: 58 genera, 1210 species: widespread in tropics, northern temperate, arctic. Note: Now including many genera (e.g., Flacourtia, Idesia, Xylosma) formerly in Flacourtiaceae, at least in part because of presence on leaf margins in both families of salicoid teeth (vein extending to tooth tip). In California (and generally outside California), Populus pollinated by wind, Salix by insects, wind. Hybrids common; identification often difficult. eFlora Treatment Author: John O. Sawyer, Jr., except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Common Name: COTTONWOOD Habit: Tree. Stem: < 40 m; young bark smooth, pale yellow-green to gray; older bark furrowed, brown to gray; twigs with swellings below leaf scars; winter bud generally resinous, scales > 3. Leaf: juvenile, adult, late-season leaves may differ in size, shape, hairiness; generally glabrous; blade 3--11 cm, elliptic to deltate, veins pinnate or +- palmate, tip generally elongate. Inflorescence: catkin pendent, 3--8 cm; bract cut into narrow segments; flowers sessile; nectary a cup- or saucer-like disk. Flower: perianth modified into non-nectariferous, cup- or saucer-shaped structure. Staminate Flower: stamens 8--60. Pistillate Flower: style short, stigmas 2--3(4), large, scalloped to 2-lobed. Fruit: spheric to conic; valves 2--3(4), 3--12 mm. Etymology: (Latin: name for plants of this genus) Reference: Hamzeh et al. 2006 J Torrey Bot Soc 133:519--527 Unabridged Reference: Hamzeh & Dayanandan 2004 Amer J Bot 91:1398--1408
Populus trichocarpa Hook.
NATIVE Habit: Tree < 30 m; crown wide. Stem: twigs brown, in age gray; winter buds finely ciliate, very resinous, fragrant when opening. Leaf: petiole 1/3--1/2 blade, abaxially round, adaxially channeled; blade 3--7 cm, narrowly to widely ovate (sometimes lanceolate on suckers, stressed plants), adaxially green, abaxially glaucous, often stained with brown resin, base round to cordate, tip acute to tapered, margin finely scalloped. Chromosomes: 2n=38. Ecology: Scattered. Alluvial bottomland, streamsides; Elevation: 5--3050 m. Bioregional Distribution: CA-FP, GB; Distribution Outside California: to Alaska, northern Rocky Mountains, Utah, northern Baja California. Flowering Time: Feb--Apr Synonyms: Populus balsamifera L. subsp. trichocarpa (Hook.) Brayshaw Unabridged Note: Treatment as separate sp. supported by molecular data (Cervara et al.). Hybrids with Populus fremontii (Populus ×parryi) reported for California. See note under Populus angustifolia. Jepson eFlora Author: John O. Sawyer, Jr. Reference: Cervera et al. 2005 Theor Appl Genet 111:1440--1456 Unabridged Reference: Brayshaw 1965 Canad Field-Naturalist 79:91--95 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Populus tremuloides Next taxon: Salix
Botanical illustration including Populus trichocarpa
Citation for this treatment: John O. Sawyer, Jr. 2012, Populus trichocarpa, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=39463, accessed on April 19, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 19, 2024.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
MAP LEGEND View all CCH records All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
