Common Name: WATERLEAF FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, generally hairy, generally taprooted. Stem: prostrate to erect. Leaf: simple to pinnately compound, basal or cauline, alternate or opposite; stipules 0. Inflorescence: cyme, generally raceme-like and coiled, or flowers 1. Flower: bisexual, generally radial; calyx lobes generally 5, generally fused at base, generally persistent, enlarging in fruit; corolla rotate to cylindric, generally deciduous, lobes generally 5, appendages in pairs on tube between filaments or 0; stamens generally 5, epipetalous, filament base sometimes appendaged, appendages scale-like; ovary generally superior, chambers 1 or 2, placentas 2, parietal, enlarged into chamber, sometimes meeting so ovary appears 2--5-chambered, style 1, style branches 2, stigmas generally head-like. Fruit: capsule, generally loculicidal; valves generally 2. Genera In Family: 12 genera, 240--260 species: especially western US; some cultivated (Emmenanthe, Nemophila, Phacelia). Note: Included in Boraginaceae in TJM2 and some other treatments (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV 2016 Bot J Linn Soc 181:1--20) but treated as separate family (excluding Namaceae) by Boraginales Working Group (Luebert et al. 2016). eFlora Treatment Author: Genevieve K. Walden, Robert W. Patterson & Richard R. Halse, except as specified Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin
Habit: Annual to perennial herb, generally glandular-hairy, taprooted or from +- thick caudex. Leaf: generally cauline, generally alternate, simple to 2-pinnately compound, generally +- reduced upward. Inflorescence: cyme, generally dense, coiled, generally 1-sided; pedicels generally <= 5 mm, generally straight. Flower: sepals generally 5, generally fused at base, generally equal, generally +- alike, generally persistent, enlarging in fruit; corolla generally deciduous, at least some persistent and withering in fruit in some species, rotate to tubular or bell- or funnel-shaped, +- white, blue, purple, pink or yellow, tube and throat not always clearly differentiated, generally glabrous inside, scales of tube base 0 or free from or fused to filament bases, generally white, nectary gland on petal midvein generally 0, each petal with generally 0, sometimes 2--many translucent areas, 2 or 4 of which parallel; stamens generally attached at same level, generally equal, generally exserted, bases generally not wider, with 2 or generally 0 wings, filaments generally white, pollen generally tan; ovary chamber 1, sometimes appearing as 2 due to intrusion of the 2 placentas, placentas parietal, enlarging and meeting in fruit, style 2-lobed, generally hairy proximal to lobes, disk proximal to ovary generally inconspicuous. Fruit: capsule, oblong to spheric, generally rounded at base, generally beaked. Seed: 1--many (number sometimes due to ovule abortion), oblong to spheric, generally brown; abaxially generally pitted or cross-furrowed. Etymology: (Greek: cluster, from dense inflorescence) Toxicity: Dermatitis caused by contact with hairs, especially glandular, of P. campanularia, P. crenulata, P. ixodes, P. minor, P. parryi, P. pedicellata (Reynolds et al. 1986 Contact Dermatitis 14:39--44). Note: Some California per species intergrade, hybridize, difficult to distinguish. Phacelia ixodes Kellogg, included in TJM (1993), not known from California. Since TJM2, Phacelia dalesiana J.T. Howell transferred to Howellanthus as Howellanthus dalesianus (J.T. Howell) Walden & R. Patt. Regarding indument in this treatment: minute (for e.g., puberulent) < 0.2 mm; short = 0.2--2 mm; long > 2 mm. eFlora Treatment Author: Genevieve K. Walden, Robert W. Patterson, Laura M. Garrison & Debra R. Hansen Reference: Hansen et al. 2009 Syst Bot 34:737--746; Walden & Patterson 2012 Madroño 59:211--222 Unabridged Reference: Gilbert et al. 2005 Syst Bot 30:627--634; Reynolds et al. 1986 Contact Dermatitis 14:39--44; Reynolds & Rodriguez 1979 Phytochemistry 18:1567--1568; Reynolds & Rodriguez 1981a Phytochemistry 20:1365--1366; Reynolds & Rodriguez 1981b Planta Medica 43:187--193; Reynolds & Rodriguez 1986 Phytochemistry 25:1617--1619.
Phacelia ramosissima Douglas ex Lehm.
NATIVE Habit: Perennial herb 30--150 cm. Stem: prostrate to ascending, many-branched, glabrous or densely hairy, glandular or not. Leaf: blade 40--200 mm, generally > petiole, oblong to widely ovate, compound; leaflets +- sessile, elliptic to oblong, coarsely toothed or lobed, lobes often toothed. Flower: calyx lobes 3--6 mm, generally not longer in fruit, +- not alike, lanceolate to ovate to oblanceolate to +- spoon-shaped; corolla 5--8 mm, funnel- to bell-shaped, white to lavender to blue, scales fused to filament bases, ovate; stamens 7--10 mm, unequal, glabrous, filaments white or purple; style 7--10 mm, cleft 2/3, glabrous. Fruit: 3--4 mm, ovoid, stiff-hairy. Seed: 2--4, 2--3 mm, pitted. Chromosomes: n=11. Ecology: Diverse habitats, including sand dunes, salt marshes, coastal bluffs, canyons, washes, flats, meadows, conifer forest; Elevation: < 3800 m. Bioregional Distribution: NW (exc NCoRO), CaRH, SN, CW, SW (exc s ChI), Wrn, SNE, n DMtns; Distribution Outside California: to Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Baja California. Flowering Time: Apr--Oct Synonyms: Phacelia ramosissima var. austrolitoralis Munz Listed in CNPS intenvory; Phacelia ramosissima var. eremophila (Greene) J.F. Macbr.; Phacelia ramosissima var. latifolia (Torr.) Cronquist; Phacelia ramosissima var. montereyensis Munz; Phacelia ramosissima var. subglabra M. Peck; Phacelia ramosissima var. suffrutescens Parry; Phacelia ramosissima var. valida M. Peck Jepson eFlora Author: Genevieve K. Walden, Robert W. Patterson, Laura M. Garrison & Debra R. Hansen Reference: Hansen et al. 2009 Syst Bot 34:737--746; Walden & Patterson 2012 Madroño 59:211--222 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Phacelia racemosa Next taxon: Phacelia rattanii
Botanical illustration including Phacelia ramosissima
Citation for this treatment: Genevieve K. Walden, Robert W. Patterson, Laura M. Garrison & Debra R. Hansen 2023, Phacelia ramosissima, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 12, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=37557, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Phacelia ramosissima:
NW (exc NCoRO), CaRH, SN, CW, SW (exc s ChI), Wrn, SNE, n DMtns
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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