Common Name: BELLFLOWER FAMILY Habit: Annual to perennial herb [tree]. Leaf: generally cauline, generally simple, generally alternate, petioled or not; stipules 0. Inflorescence: cyme, panicle, raceme, spike, or flowers 1; terminal or in axils of leaf-like or reduced bracts. Flower: bisexual, cleistogamous or open, radial or bilateral, inverted (pedicel twisted 180°) or not; hypanthium generally present, +- fused to ovary; sepals generally 5; corolla radial to 2-lipped, petals generally fused, tube deeply divided on 1 side or not, lobes generally 5; stamens 5, free or +- fused (anthers, filaments fused into tube or filaments fused above middle); ovary inferior or 1/2 inferior (superior in fruit), chambers 1--3, placentas axile or parietal, ovules many, style generally 1, 2--5-branched. Fruit: generally capsule, open on sides or top by pores or short valves. Seed: many. Genera In Family: +- 90 genera, +- 2500 species: worldwide. Note: Some cultivated for ornament (Campanula, Jasione, Lobelia). Subfamilies sometimes treated as families. Positions of flower parts given after flowering inversion, if any. Parishella moved to Nemacladus. eFlora Treatment Author: Nancy R. Morin, except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Habit: Annual, from taproot. Stem: prostrate, decumbent, or erect; base generally +- brown or +- purple; branches 0 or below middle. Leaf: basal; petiole short or 0. Inflorescence: +- raceme-like; bract 1 per flower, small; pedicel generally thread-like. Flower: inverted or not; sepals linear to triangular; corolla +- radial or 2-lipped, lobes 5; filaments free at base, fused into tube around style distally, appendages attached to a stalk or directly on 2 adjacent filaments, each with 2--12 cells, anthers free, all alike; ovary superior to 1/2 inferior, hemispheric to obconic, nectary glands 3, mounded or donut-like, on free part of ovary, stigma 2-lobed, papillate. Fruit: generally > hypanthium, hemispheric to fusiform, top pointed or rounded, chambers 2; open at top generally by 2 valves (or circumscissile). Seed: elliptic to oblong. Etymology: (Greek: thread-like branch) Note: In descriptions, "filaments" including both free and fused parts thereof. Unabridged Note: Taxonomic changes from TJM (1993) based on ITS, atpB, morphology. Parishella californica nested within Nemacladus, in which it is here treated. Reference: Morin 2008 J Bot Res Inst Texas 2:397--400 Unabridged Reference: McVaugh 1942 N Amer Flora 32A:1--134
Nemacladus sigmoideus G.T. Robbins
NATIVE Habit: Erect, 4--12 cm, branches from base or 1.5--2 cm above. Stem: spreading, base purple-brown. Leaf: 1.5--10 mm, ovate to elliptic, entire or irregularly dentate, short-hairy, sessile. Inflorescence: axis strongly zigzag; bracts 0.8--1.5 mm, ovate; pedicels 10--18 mm, < 0.1 mm diam, spreading, S-curved, tip erect. Flower: inverted; hypanthium 0.5 mm; sepals +- 1.5 mm, lance-deltate, erect, spreading in fruit; corolla 2-lipped or all lobes held on abaxial side, divided 1/3 to base, white, generally yellow at lobe tips, hairy, tube bell-shaped, 2 adaxial lobes divergent, elliptic, 1--1.5 mm, 3 abaxial spreading, 1.5 mm; filaments +- 1.5 mm, erect, exserted, tip curved, appendages continuous with base of filaments, cells narrow, attenuate, anthers +- 0.3 mm; ovary +- 1/2 inferior. Fruit: +- 2 mm, base oblique, tip acute. Seed: +- 0.5 mm, widely elliptic, with zigzag ridges alternate clearly pitted rows. Ecology: Sandy or gravelly soils, Joshua-tree woodland; Elevation: 50--2300 m. Bioregional Distribution: s SN, Teh, TR, e PR, SNE, DMoj, nw DSon; Distribution Outside California: Nevada, Arizona, Baja California. Flowering Time: Apr--Jun Note: Plant in SNE with corolla to 3 mm. Jepson eFlora Author: Nancy R. Morin Reference: Morin 2008 J Bot Res Inst Texas 2:397--400 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Nemacladus secundiflorus var. secundiflorus Next taxon: Nemacladus tenuis
Botanical illustration including Nemacladus sigmoideus
Citation for this treatment: Nancy R. Morin 2012, Nemacladus sigmoideus, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=34514, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Nemacladus sigmoideus:
s SN, Teh, TR, e PR, SNE, DMoj, nw DSon
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).