Common Name: CACTUS FAMILY Habit: Perennial herb, shrub, tree, generally fleshy. Stem: cylindric to spheric, or flat; surface smooth, tubercled, or ribbed (grooved); nodal areoles bearing flowers. Leaf: generally 0 or early-deciduous, flat to +- cylindric. Spines: areoles generally with central, radial spines, occasionally with glochids. Flower: generally 1 per areole, bisexual [unisexual], sessile, radial [bilateral]; perianth parts generally many [5], scale-like to petal-like; stamens many; ovary inferior [superior], style 1, stigma lobes generally several [many]. Fruit: dry to fleshy or juicy, indehiscent to variously dehiscent, spiny, scaly, or naked; tubercled or smooth. Seed: generally many, occasionally 0--few. Genera In Family: +- 125 genera, +- 1800 species: America (especially deserts), Africa; many cultivated, some edible. Note: Spines smaller, fewer (0) in shade forms; yellow spines blacken in age. Introduced species increasingly escape cultivation. Hybridization common in some genera. eFlora Treatment Author: Bruce D. Parfitt, except as noted Scientific Editor: Bruce D. Parfitt, Douglas H. Goldman, Bruce G. Baldwin, Thomas J. Rosatti.
Common Name: FISHHOOK CACTUS Habit: Generally erect (decumbent or prostrate), branched or not, branches 0--9(50). Stem: 5--30 cm, [1.8]3--7.5[20] cm diam, spheric to cylindric [or obconic], firm to soft, not regularly segmented; ribs 0, tubercles prominent, conic to cylindric, not grooved. Spines: [2]14--64(90) per areole, < 2 mm diam, needle-like [to hair-like or bristle-like], glabrous [or plumose], straight or hooked [or curved to crinkly]; central spines 1--4 [0--many] per areole, generally hooked. Flower: lateral, in axils of tubercles, 1--5 [7.5] cm diam; perianth cream to white, pink, purple, or lavender; ovary glabrous, spines 0, scales 0. Fruit: club-shaped or cylindric to ovoid [or barrel-shaped], indehiscent, generally red, spines 0. Seed: 0.8--1.5 mm, generally shiny, generally pitted or raised-netted, black [brown to +- red or +- yellow], occasionally with aril. Etymology: (Latin: nipple) eFlora Treatment Author: Bruce D. Parfitt Reference: Hunt 1984 Bradleya 2:65--96; Hunt 1985 Bradleya 3:53--66; Hunt 1987 Bradleya 5:17--48
Mammillaria dioica K. Brandegee
NATIVE Habit: Plant with flowers generally either all bisexual or all pistillate. Stem: generally 1(many), 5--30 cm, 3--7 cm diam, spheric to long-cylindric, firm; tubercle axils bristly. Spines: central spines 1--4 per areole, 8--15 mm, 1 hooked; radial spines 11--22, 4--10 mm. Flower: 10--22 mm, 20--40 mm diam; outer perianth parts entire to minutely fringed; inner perianth parts 8--12. Fruit: 10--25 mm, in age ovoid to club-shaped. Seed: aril 0. Chromosomes: 2n=[44]66. Ecology: Hillsides, washes, coastal scrub to creosote-bush scrub; Elevation: 10--1500 m. Bioregional Distribution: SCo, w edge DSon; Distribution Outside California: Baja California. Flowering Time: Feb--Apr Synonyms: Mammillaria dioica var. incerta (Parish) Munz Jepson eFlora Author: Bruce D. Parfitt Reference: Hunt 1984 Bradleya 2:65--96; Hunt 1985 Bradleya 3:53--66; Hunt 1987 Bradleya 5:17--48 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Mammillaria Next taxon: Mammillaria grahamii var. grahamii
Botanical illustration including Mammillaria dioica
Citation for this treatment: Bruce D. Parfitt 2012, Mammillaria dioica, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=32686, accessed on November 02, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on November 02, 2024.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).