Common Name: SUNFLOWER FAMILY Habit: Annual to tree. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, simple to 2+ × compound. Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, resembling a flower, of several types (see below), 1--many in generally +- cyme-like cluster; each head generally with +- calyx-like involucre of 1--many series of phyllaries (involucre bracts); receptacle of head flat to conic or columnar, paleate (bearing paleae = receptacle bracts) or epaleate; flowers 1--many per head. Flower: bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, +- small, of several types (see below); calyx 0 or modified into +- persistent pappus of bristles, scales, and/or awns; corolla radial or bilateral (0), lobes generally (0)3--5; stamens 4--5, filaments generally free, generally fused to corolla at tube/throat junction, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, anther base generally rounded or cordate (deeply sagittate or with tail-like appendages), tip (= flattened appendage) generally projecting beyond pollen sac; pistil 1, 2-carpeled, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, placenta basal, style 1, tip generally +- 2-branched (except in some staminate disk flowers), branch tips truncate or generally bearing +- brush-like appendages; stigmas 2, generally on adaxial faces of style branches. Fruit: achene (also called a cypsela) (drupe in Chrysanthemoides), cylindric to ovoid, sometimes compressed, generally deciduous with pappus attached. Genera In Family: +- 1500 genera, 23000 species: worldwide, many habitats. Note: Flower and head types differ in form and sexual condition. A disk flower has a generally radial corolla, with a cylindric tube, expanded throat, and generally 5 lobes. Disk flowers are generally bisexual and fertile but occasionally staminate with reduced ovaries. Discoid heads comprise only disk flowers. A radiant head is a variant of a discoid head, with peripheral disk flower corollas expanded, often bilateral. A ray flower corolla is bilateral, generally with a slender tube and flattened petal-like ray (single lip composed of generally 3 lobes). Ray flowers are generally pistillate or sterile (occasionally lacking styles). Radiate heads have peripheral ray flowers and central disk flowers. Disciform heads superficially resemble discoid heads, with pistillate or sterile flowers that lack rays, together with or separate from disk flowers. A ligulate flower is bisexual, with a bilateral, generally ephemeral corolla and 5-lobed ligule. Liguliflorous heads comprise only ligulate flowers. See glossary p. 31 for illustrations of family characteristics. Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Gaillardia pulchella Foug., Hymenothrix loomisii S.F. Blake, Tagetes erecta L., Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze are waifs. Melampodium perfoliatum Kunth, historic urban waif. Ageratum conyzoides L., Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass., Santolina chamaecyparisus L., orth. var. are rare or uncommon escapes from cultivation. Dyssodia papposa, Ismelia carinata (Schousb.) Sch. Bip. [Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb.], Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill. are historical or extirpated waifs in California. Inula helenium L. not documented in California. Taxa of Aster in TJM (1993) treated here in Almutaster, Doellingeria, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oreostemma, Sericocarpus, Symphyotrichum; Chamomilla in Matricaria; Bahia in Hymenothrix; Cnicus in Centaurea; Conyza in Erigeron and Laennecia; Dugaldia in Hymenoxys; Erechtites in Senecio; Hymenoclea in Ambrosia; Lembertia in Monolopia; Osteospermum ecklonis in Dimorphotheca; Picris echioides in Helminthotheca; Prionopsis in Grindelia; Raillardiopsis in Anisocarpus and Carlquistia; Schkuhria multiflora in Picradeniopsis; Trimorpha in Erigeron; Venidium in Arctotis; Viguiera in Aldama and Bahiopsis; Whitneya in Arnica. Amauriopsis in TJM2 (2012) treated here in Hymenothrix; Arida in Leucosyris; Bahia in Picradeniopsis; Eucephalus in Doellingeria. Unabridged Note: Largest family of vascular plants in California and of eudicots globally. eFlora Treatment Author: David J. Keil, except as noted Scientific Editor: David J. Keil, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: GUMPLANT Habit: [Annual] perennial herb to subshrub from taproot or woody caudex, glabrous or tomentose, often glandular-sticky. Leaf: simple, alternate, generally not fleshy, entire, crenate, serrate, or pinnately lobed, gland-dotted. Inflorescence: heads generally radiate (discoid); involucre obconic to hemispheric, generally gummy; phyllaries in 4--10 graduated series; receptacle flat to convex, +- pitted, epaleate. Ray Flower: 0--60; corolla yellow. Disk Flower: corolla yellow; anther tip lanceolate; style-branch appendages linear to lanceolate, generally >= stigmatic portion. Fruit: cylindric or swollen-obconic, shiny-white to +- brown, smooth or ridged, glabrous; pappus of 1--6 narrow awns (occasionally construed as bristle-like) [25--40 bristles], +- < disk corolla, generally entire, deciduous. Etymology: (D.H. Grindel, Latvian botanist, 1776--1836) Note: Variable. Morphologically intermediate plants common where species ranges overlap. Strother & Wetter treated all California species except Grindelia squarrosa and Grindelia fraxinipratensis in Grindelia hirsutula. Grindelia ciliata (Nutt.) Spreng. [Prionopsis ciliata (Nutt.) Nutt.], with pappus of many united bristles (falling as a unit), is an historical waif from northern CCo, northern SCo. eFlora Treatment Author: Abigail J. Moore Reference: Strother & Wetter 2006 FNANM 20:424--436
Grindelia camporum Greene
NATIVE Habit: Perennial herb 6--25 dm, erect, generally much-branched throughout. Leaf: 2--15 cm; basal generally 0 at flower, distal smaller; blade lanceolate to ovate, sessile and clasping or narrowed to petiole-like base, generally glabrous, often resinous, yellow- to gray-green, entire or serrate. Inflorescence: involucre 10--22 mm diam, bell-shaped to hemispheric when mature, glabrous, resinous; phyllaries in 5--7 series, bases wide, straw-colored, tips green, acuminate, +- round in ×-section, outer spreading to reflexed, or coiled 180--360°. Ray Flower: (0)25--39; ray 5--11 mm. Fruit: 2--5 mm, white to golden-brown, top ridged; pappus awns 2--6. Chromosomes: 2n=12,24. Ecology: Sandy or saline bottomland, roadsides; Elevation: < 1400 m. Bioregional Distribution: KR, NCoR, CaRF, SNF, n SNH, Teh, GV, SnFrB, SCoRO, SW, SNE, DMoj; Distribution Outside California: Baja California. Flowering Time: May--Nov Synonyms: Grindelia camporum var. bracteosa (J.T. Howell) M.A. Lane; Grindelia camporum var. bracteosum, orth. var.; Grindelia hirsutula var. davyi (Jeps.) M.A. Lane Jepson eFlora Author: Abigail J. Moore Reference: Strother & Wetter 2006 FNANM 20:424--436 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Grindelia Next taxon: Grindelia fraxinipratensis
Botanical illustration including Grindelia camporum
Citation for this treatment: Abigail J. Moore 2012, Grindelia camporum, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=3099, accessed on April 23, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 23, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Grindelia camporum:
KR, NCoR, CaRF, SNF, n SNH, Teh, GV, SnFrB, SCoRO, SW, SNE, DMoj
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).