Common Name: GRASS FAMILY Habit: Annual to woody perennial herb; roots generally fibrous. Stem: generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid. Leaf: alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear, parallel-veined; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base. Inflorescence: various (of generally many spikelets). Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1--many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally +- transparent, +- enclosed by lemma. Flower: generally bisexual, minute; perianth vestigial; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose. Fruit: grain, sometimes achene- or utricle-like. Genera In Family: 650--900 genera; +- 10550 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials). Note: Generally wind-pollinated. Achnatherum, Ampelodesmos, Hesperostipa, Nassella, Piptatherum, Piptochaetium, Ptilagrostis moved to Stipa; Elytrigia, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Taeniatherum to Elymus; Hierochloe to Anthoxanthum; Lolium, Vulpia to Festuca; Lycurus to Muhlenbergia; Monanthochloe to Distichlis; Pleuraphis to Hilaria; Rhynchelytrum to Melinis. The following taxa (in genera not included here), recorded in California from historical collections or reported in literature, are extirpated, lacking vouchers, or not considered naturalized: Acrachne racemosa (Roth) Ohwi, Allolepis texana (Vasey) Soderstr. & H.F. Decker, Amphibromus nervosus (Hook. f.) Baill., Axonopus affinis Chase, Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Coix lacryma-jobi L., Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K. Richt., Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr., Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees, Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P. Beauv., Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C. Rivière, Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zuccarini, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Branner & Coville, Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Wooton & Standl., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Thysanolaena latifolia (Hornem.) Honda, Tribolium obliterum (Hemsl.) Renvoize, Zea mays L., Zizania palustris L. var. interior (Fassett) Dore, Zoysia japonica Steud. Paspalum pubiflorum E. Fourn., Paspalum quadrifarium Lam., are now reported for southern California (J Bot Res Inst Texas 4:761--770). See Glossary p. 30 for illustrations of general family characteristics. eFlora Treatment Author: James P. Smith, Jr., except as noted Scientific Editor: James P. Smith, Jr., J. Travis Columbus, Dieter H. Wilken.
Etymology: (J.B. Lamarck, French botanist, 1744--1829) eFlora Treatment Author: Lynn G. Clark
Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench
NATURALIZED Habit: Annual, cespitose, glabrous. Stem: generally erect, 7--40 cm. Leaf: cauline, +- evenly distributed; ligule 3--7 mm, membranous, glabrous, tip +- irregularly cut; blade 2.5--9 cm, 2.5--7 mm wide, flat. Inflorescence: panicle-like, terminal, 2--8 cm, dense, golden yellow to +- purple; axis short-white-hairy in branch axils; spikelets short-stalked, with 1 fertile and 1--3 sterile spikelets in spreading to drooping clusters, each cluster generally falling as 1 unit. Fertile Spikelet: glumes 2.5--4 mm, +- equal, generally = spikelet; florets 2; lower floret fertile, 2.5--3 mm, lemma awned from near tip, awn 6--7 mm, straight; upper floret sterile, +- 0.5 mm, awn 4--5 mm. Sterile Spikelet: 6--9 mm, >> glumes, linear; glumes > lower floret; florets 5--8; lemmas +- overlapping, 1.5--2 mm, obtuse, tip +- fringed, awn 0 (stalk base sometimes with a reduced, sterile spikelet like fertile in size and shape). Chromosomes: n=7. Ecology: Open ground, moist seeps, rocky hillsides, sandy soil; Elevation: < 1250 m. Bioregional Distribution: NCoRO, NCoRI, SNF, Teh, CW, SW; Distribution Outside California: Arizona; native to Mediterranean. Flowering Time: Feb--May Note: Somewhat weedy. Jepson eFlora Author: Lynn G. Clark Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Lamarckia Next taxon: Leersia
Citation for this treatment: Lynn G. Clark 2012, Lamarckia aurea, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=30147, accessed on December 02, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 02, 2024.
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