Common Name: IRIS FAMILY Habit: [(Annual), shrub], perennial herb generally from [bulb], corm, or rhizome. Stem: generally erect, generally +- round in ×-section. Leaf: generally basal (few cauline), 2-ranked, +- sword-shaped, blade edge-wise to stem, with midvein or not; bases overlapped, sheathing. Inflorescence: generally +- terminal; spikes, umbel-like cymes, or flowers 1; flowers in spikes or 1 subtended by 2 subopposite flower bracts; umbel-like cymes enclosed by 2 subopposite, generally large, leaf-like inflorescence bracts, including various flower bracts. Flower: bisexual (unisexual), radial, with stamens erect, enclosing style, or bilateral, with stamens, style to 1 side, stamens not enclosing style; perianth radial, parts free or generally fused into tube above ovary, generally petal-like, in 2 series of 3, outer +- like inner (or not, in Iris, parts in that genus called sepals, petals), upper +- like lower or not; stamens 3, attached at base of outer 3 perianth parts or in tube, generally free; ovary inferior [(superior)], [(1)]3-chambered, placentas axile [(parietal)], style 1, branches 3, entire to 2-branched, thread- or petal-like with stigma abaxial, proximal to tip. Fruit: capsule, loculicidal. Seed: few to many. Genera In Family: +- 65 genera, +- 2050 species: worldwide, especially Africa; many cultivated (e.g., Crocus, Dietes, Freesia, Gladiolus, Iris, Sisyrinchium). Note:Gladiolus italicus Mill., Gladiolus tristis L. are urban weeds. Sparaxis grandiflora (D. Delaroche) Ker Gawl., Sparaxis tricolor (Schneev.) Ker Gawl. are waifs. eFlora Treatment Author: Peter Goldblatt, except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Common Name: IRIS Habit: Rhizome [bulbs, fleshy roots]. Leaf: 2-ranked in basal fan; cauline 0--few, reduced, often bract-like, without development of distal portion. Inflorescence: +- flat cyme, flowers 1--many. Flower: perianth parts +- clawed; sepals generally wider than petals, spreading or reflexed, occasionally with white area in basal 3/4, this generally with smaller yellow area; petals erect; stamens free [(not)]; ovary inferior, style branches petal-like [(not)], arched over stamens, each with scale-like flap (with stigmas on inner surface) opposite stamen and just below 2-lobed tip (crest), with sepals forming 3, 2-lipped units [(not)]. Fruit: loculicidal capsule, rounded or triangular, chambers 3. Seed: generally compressed, pitted, light to dark brown (red). Etymology: (Greek: rainbow, from flower colors) Note: Hybrids between some sympatric species; Iris germanica only sp. in California with bearded sepals. eFlora Treatment Author: Carol A. Wilson Reference: Wilson 2003 Syst Bot 28:39--46 Unabridged Reference: Lenz 1958 Aliso 4:1--72; Clarkson 1959 Madroño 15:115--122
Iris pseudacorus L.
NATURALIZED Habit: Rhizome 30--40 mm diam. Stem: branched, 50--150 cm. Leaf: basal 20--35 mm wide, stiff, midvein conspicuous; cauline 3--6, similar to basal. Inflorescence: branched, flowers 3--6 per branch; lowest 2 bracts generally opposite, outer 5--7 cm, 10--20 mm wide. Flower: perianth generally bright yellow or cream with prominent brown veins, marks on sepals, tube 12--13 mm, barrel-shaped; sepals widely oblanceolate, 5--8 cm, 35--50 mm wide; petals obovate, clawed, 2--3 cm, 4--8 mm wide; style branches < 25 mm, crests 7--10 mm, stigmas rounded. Fruit: 5--8 cm. Chromosomes: 2n=24,30,32,34. Ecology: Common. Pond margins, estuaries; Elevation: 100--1400 m. Bioregional Distribution: KR, NCoRI, n&c SNF, w edge c SNH, GV, CW, SCo, TR; Distribution Outside California: most of United States; native to Europe, Asia. Flowering Time: Apr--Jun Note: Invasive in ponds, streams, estuaries. Jepson eFlora Author: Carol A. Wilson Reference: Wilson 2003 Syst Bot 28:39--46 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Noxious Weed listed on the CDFA Weed Pest Ratings table View the CDFA Pest Rating page for Iris pseudacorus Weed listed by Cal-IPC Previous taxon: Iris munzii Next taxon: Iris purdyi
Citation for this treatment: Carol A. Wilson 2012, Iris pseudacorus, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=29301, accessed on December 01, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 01, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Iris pseudacorus:
KR, NCoRI, n&c SNF, w edge c SNH, GV, CW, SCo, TR
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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