Common Name: GRASS FAMILY Habit: Annual to woody perennial herb; roots generally fibrous. Stem: generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid. Leaf: alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear, parallel-veined; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base. Inflorescence: various (of generally many spikelets). Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1--many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally +- transparent, +- enclosed by lemma. Flower: generally bisexual, minute; perianth vestigial; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose. Fruit: grain, sometimes achene- or utricle-like. Genera In Family: 650--900 genera; +- 10550 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials). Note: Generally wind-pollinated. Achnatherum, Ampelodesmos, Hesperostipa, Nassella, Piptatherum, Piptochaetium, Ptilagrostis moved to Stipa; Elytrigia, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Taeniatherum to Elymus; Hierochloe to Anthoxanthum; Lolium, Vulpia to Festuca; Lycurus to Muhlenbergia; Monanthochloe to Distichlis; Pleuraphis to Hilaria; Rhynchelytrum to Melinis. The following taxa (in genera not included here), recorded in California from historical collections or reported in literature, are extirpated, lacking vouchers, or not considered naturalized: Acrachne racemosa (Roth) Ohwi, Allolepis texana (Vasey) Soderstr. & H.F. Decker, Amphibromus nervosus (Hook. f.) Baill., Axonopus affinis Chase, Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Coix lacryma-jobi L., Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K. Richt., Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr., Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees, Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P. Beauv., Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C. Rivière, Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zuccarini, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Branner & Coville, Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Wooton & Standl., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Thysanolaena latifolia (Hornem.) Honda, Tribolium obliterum (Hemsl.) Renvoize, Zea mays L., Zizania palustris L. var. interior (Fassett) Dore, Zoysia japonica Steud. Paspalum pubiflorum E. Fourn., Paspalum quadrifarium Lam., are now reported for southern California (J Bot Res Inst Texas 4:761--770). See Glossary p. 30 for illustrations of general family characteristics. eFlora Treatment Author: James P. Smith, Jr., except as noted Scientific Editor: James P. Smith, Jr., J. Travis Columbus, Dieter H. Wilken.
Etymology: (Pierre Hainard, Swiss geobotanist, b. 1936) Note: See Parapholis. eFlora Treatment Author: Thomas Worley Reference: Smith 2007 FNANM 24:689--691 Unabridged Reference: Greuter & Rechinger 1967 Boissiera 13:22--196; Runemark 1962 Bot Not 115:1--17
Hainardia cylindrica (Willd.) Greuter
NATURALIZED Habit: Annual. Stem: ascending to erect, 2--5 dm, internodes solid, branched, glabrous. Leaf: sheath 1--6 cm; ligule 1 mm, membranous; blade 6--10 cm, 1--2 mm wide, generally flat, ribbed, upper surface scabrous. Inflorescence: spike-like, 8--20 cm, cylindric, stiff, straight, breaking at nodes; spikelets alternate, 2-ranked, appressed, embedded in axis, falling with axis segment, lowest included in sheath. Spikelet: lower glume 0 on all but terminal spikelet, upper glume 1, generally 5--7 mm, thick, rigid, margin sometimes inrolled, 3--7(9)-veined; floret 1, bisexual, or 2, upper reduced and sterile; lemma 4--6 mm, translucent, back facing inflorescence axis, 3-veined; palea +- = lemma, translucent; anther 2--3.5 mm. Fruit: 2.5--3.5 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=14,26,52. Ecology: Coastal salt marshes, alkaline soils; Elevation: < 570 m. Bioregional Distribution: NCo, n SNF (Amador Co.), deltaic GV, CCo, SnFrB, SCo; Distribution Outside California: Baja California, Texas, Louisiana, South Carolina; native to Europe. Flowering Time: Mar--Jul Synonyms: Rottboellia cylindrica Willd.; Lepturus cylindricus (Willd.) Trin.; Monerma cylindrica (Willd.) Coss. & Durieu Jepson eFlora Author: Thomas Worley Reference: Smith 2007 FNANM 24:689--691 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Hainardia Next taxon: Heteropogon
Botanical illustration including Hainardia cylindrica
Citation for this treatment: Thomas Worley 2012, Hainardia cylindrica, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=27553, accessed on April 17, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 17, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Hainardia cylindrica:
NCo, n SNF (Amador Co.), deltaic GV, CCo, SnFrB, SCo
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
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