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Festuca arundinacea

TALL FESCUE


Higher Taxonomy
Family: Poaceae (Gramineae)View DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: GRASS FAMILY
Habit: Annual to woody perennial herb; roots generally fibrous. Stem: generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid. Leaf: alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear, parallel-veined; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base. Inflorescence: various (of generally many spikelets). Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1--many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally +- transparent, +- enclosed by lemma. Flower: generally bisexual, minute; perianth vestigial; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose. Fruit: grain, sometimes achene- or utricle-like.
Genera In Family: 650--900 genera; +- 10550 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials). Note: Generally wind-pollinated. Achnatherum, Ampelodesmos, Hesperostipa, Nassella, Piptatherum, Piptochaetium, Ptilagrostis moved to Stipa; Elytrigia, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Taeniatherum to Elymus; Hierochloe to Anthoxanthum; Lolium, Vulpia to Festuca; Lycurus to Muhlenbergia; Monanthochloe to Distichlis; Pleuraphis to Hilaria; Rhynchelytrum to Melinis. The following taxa (in genera not included here), recorded in California from historical collections or reported in literature, are extirpated, lacking vouchers, or not considered naturalized: Acrachne racemosa (Roth) Ohwi, Allolepis texana (Vasey) Soderstr. & H.F. Decker, Amphibromus nervosus (Hook. f.) Baill., Axonopus affinis Chase, Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Coix lacryma-jobi L., Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K. Richt., Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr., Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees, Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P. Beauv., Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C. Rivière, Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zuccarini, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Branner & Coville, Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Wooton & Standl., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Thysanolaena latifolia (Hornem.) Honda, Tribolium obliterum (Hemsl.) Renvoize, Zea mays L., Zizania palustris L. var. interior (Fassett) Dore, Zoysia japonica Steud. Paspalum pubiflorum E. Fourn., Paspalum quadrifarium Lam., are now reported for southern California (J Bot Res Inst Texas 4:761--770). See Glossary p. 30 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
eFlora Treatment Author: James P. Smith, Jr., except as noted
Scientific Editor: James P. Smith, Jr., J. Travis Columbus, Dieter H. Wilken.
Genus: FestucaView DescriptionDichotomous Key


Common Name: FESCUE, RYE GRASS
Habit: Annual, perennial herb, loosely to densely cespitose, generally +- glabrous, rhizomes present or 0; bisexual, dioecious in Festuca kingii. Stem: decumbent, ascending to erect, to 2 m. Leaf: basal and cauline; sheath generally persisting; collar generally glabrous; ligule generally < 1 mm, membranous, truncate, minutely fringed; blade flat or rolled, claw-like basal auricles generally 0. Inflorescence: panicle-like, branches dense and appressed to open and spreading or spike-like. Spikelet: glumes 2, < lowest floret, unequal, lower sometimes minute, 1--3-veined, upper 3--5-veined; axis breaking above glumes and between florets, florets (1)2--10(17), generally bisexual; lemma 3--5(7)-veined, base generally glabrous, tip entire, occasionally minutely 2-toothed, awn 0 or terminal, generally straight, glabrous; palea +- = lemma; stamens 3 or 1. Fruit: obovoid to elongate, free from or +- adhering to palea and lemma.
Etymology: (Latin: straw, stem or straw-like weed) Note: As treated here, including ×Festulpia, ×Festulolium, Leucopoa, Lolium, ×Schedolium, ×Schedololium, Schedonorus, and Vulpia. Lolium rigidum Gaudin (combination in Festuca evidently not available), native to Europe and Africa, has been found sporadically as an urban and agricultural weed, but has not been collected in recent years and is doubtfully naturalized.
eFlora Treatment Author: James P. Smith, Jr. & Susan G. Aiken
Reference: Darbyshire 2007 FNANM 24:443--448; Darbyshire & Pavlick 2007 FNANM 24:389--443; Lonard 2007 FNANM 24:448--454
Unabridged Reference: Aiken et al. 1996 onwards @ http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/festuca/index.htm [broken 21.vii.2010]; Lonard & Gould 1974 Madroño 22:217--230; Wilson 1999 Ph.D. Dissertation Oregon State Univ
Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
NATURALIZED
Habit: Perennial herb, sometimes rhizomed. Stem: 8--20 dm, robust; nodes visible. Leaf: sheath shredding with age; ligule 0.5--1 mm; blade 25--70 cm, 4--10 mm wide, flat or loosely rolled, hairy, +- rigid, prominently ribbed above, basal auricles +- clasping stem, +- hairy. Inflorescence: 15--35 cm; branches many, spreading. Spikelet: 8--16 mm; lower glume 3--6 mm, upper 4--9 mm; florets 3--8; lemma 6--12 mm, generally minutely hairy, scabrous near tip, often tinged purple, awn 0.5--4 mm or 0; anthers 3--4 mm; ovary tip glabrous. Chromosomes: 2n=28,42,56,63,70.
Ecology: Disturbed places; Elevation: < 2700 (generally < 1000) m. Bioregional Distribution: CA-FP, W&I; Distribution Outside California: to eastern North America; native to Eurasia. Flowering Time: May--Jun Note: Used for forage and soil stabilization. Often infected with a fungus that is toxic to cattle.
Synonyms: Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.
Unabridged Synonyms: Festuca elatior L.; Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.; Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub
Jepson eFlora Author: James P. Smith, Jr. & Susan G. Aiken
Reference: Darbyshire 2007 FNANM 24:443--448; Darbyshire & Pavlick 2007 FNANM 24:389--443; Lonard 2007 FNANM 24:448--454
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)
View the CDFA Pest Rating page for Festuca arundinacea
Weed listed by Cal-IPC

Previous taxon: Festuca
Next taxon: Festuca brachyphylla subsp. breviculmis

Botanical illustration including Festuca arundinaceabotanical illustration including Festuca arundinacea


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Citation for this treatment: James P. Smith, Jr. & Susan G. Aiken 2012, Festuca arundinacea, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=25783, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Festuca arundinacea
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©2008 Steve Matson
Festuca arundinacea
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©2008 Keir Morse
Festuca arundinacea
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©2016 Keir Morse
Festuca arundinacea
click for image enlargement
©2008 Steve Matson
Festuca arundinacea
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©2008 Keir Morse

More photos of Festuca arundinacea
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Geographic subdivisions for Festuca arundinacea:
CA-FP, W&I
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map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

Data provided by the participants of the  Consortium of California Herbaria.

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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month Flowering-Fruiting Monthly Counts

Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).