Common Name: SUNFLOWER FAMILY Habit: Annual to tree. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, simple to 2+ × compound. Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, resembling a flower, of several types (see below), 1--many in generally +- cyme-like cluster; each head generally with +- calyx-like involucre of 1--many series of phyllaries (involucre bracts); receptacle of head flat to conic or columnar, paleate (bearing paleae = receptacle bracts) or epaleate; flowers 1--many per head. Flower: bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, +- small, of several types (see below); calyx 0 or modified into +- persistent pappus of bristles, scales, and/or awns; corolla radial or bilateral (0), lobes generally (0)3--5; stamens 4--5, filaments generally free, generally fused to corolla at tube/throat junction, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, anther base generally rounded or cordate (deeply sagittate or with tail-like appendages), tip (= flattened appendage) generally projecting beyond pollen sac; pistil 1, 2-carpeled, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, placenta basal, style 1, tip generally +- 2-branched (except in some staminate disk flowers), branch tips truncate or generally bearing +- brush-like appendages; stigmas 2, generally on adaxial faces of style branches. Fruit: achene (also called a cypsela) (drupe in Chrysanthemoides), cylindric to ovoid, sometimes compressed, generally deciduous with pappus attached. Genera In Family: +- 1500 genera, 23000 species: worldwide, many habitats. Note: Flower and head types differ in form and sexual condition. A disk flower has a generally radial corolla, with a cylindric tube, expanded throat, and generally 5 lobes. Disk flowers are generally bisexual and fertile but occasionally staminate with reduced ovaries. Discoid heads comprise only disk flowers. A radiant head is a variant of a discoid head, with peripheral disk flower corollas expanded, often bilateral. A ray flower corolla is bilateral, generally with a slender tube and flattened petal-like ray (single lip composed of generally 3 lobes). Ray flowers are generally pistillate or sterile (occasionally lacking styles). Radiate heads have peripheral ray flowers and central disk flowers. Disciform heads superficially resemble discoid heads, with pistillate or sterile flowers that lack rays, together with or separate from disk flowers. A ligulate flower is bisexual, with a bilateral, generally ephemeral corolla and 5-lobed ligule. Liguliflorous heads comprise only ligulate flowers. See glossary p. 31 for illustrations of family characteristics. Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Gaillardia pulchella Foug., Hymenothrix loomisii S.F. Blake, Tagetes erecta L., Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze are waifs. Melampodium perfoliatum Kunth, historic urban waif. Ageratum conyzoides L., Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass., Santolina chamaecyparisus L., orth. var. are rare or uncommon escapes from cultivation. Dyssodia papposa, Ismelia carinata (Schousb.) Sch. Bip. [Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb.], Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill. are historical or extirpated waifs in California. Inula helenium L. not documented in California. Taxa of Aster in TJM (1993) treated here in Almutaster, Doellingeria, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oreostemma, Sericocarpus, Symphyotrichum; Chamomilla in Matricaria; Bahia in Hymenothrix; Cnicus in Centaurea; Conyza in Erigeron and Laennecia; Dugaldia in Hymenoxys; Erechtites in Senecio; Hymenoclea in Ambrosia; Lembertia in Monolopia; Osteospermum ecklonis in Dimorphotheca; Picris echioides in Helminthotheca; Prionopsis in Grindelia; Raillardiopsis in Anisocarpus and Carlquistia; Schkuhria multiflora in Picradeniopsis; Trimorpha in Erigeron; Venidium in Arctotis; Viguiera in Aldama and Bahiopsis; Whitneya in Arnica. Amauriopsis in TJM2 (2012) treated here in Hymenothrix; Arida in Leucosyris; Bahia in Picradeniopsis; Eucephalus in Doellingeria. Unabridged Note: Largest family of vascular plants in California and of eudicots globally. eFlora Treatment Author: David J. Keil, except as noted Scientific Editor: David J. Keil, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Etymology: (Greek: female broom, for style-branch appendages) eFlora Treatment Author: Staci Markos & John L. Strother Reference: Markos & Strother 2006 FNANM 20:450--452 Unabridged Reference: Lane 1992 Novon 2:213; Saroyan et al. 2000 Madroño 47:89--96
Corethrogyne filaginifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.
NATIVE Habit: Perennial herb, subshrub, generally 10--100 cm. Stem: 1--many from base, decumbent to ascending or erect, simple or distally branched, generally densely white-tomentose, sometimes +- glabrous and/or glandular, especially distally. Leaf: cauline at flower, often crowded proximally, alternate; sessile or wing-petioled; blade 10--70+ × 3--19 mm, linear to oblanceolate, spoon-shaped, or ovate, entire or toothed, hairy, sometimes with sunken glands and/or with sessile bead-like and/or stalked glands; distal smaller, sessile, bract-like. Inflorescence: heads radiate, 1 or in cyme-like cluster; involucre hemispheric to bell-shaped, top-shaped, or cylindric, 6--14 × 3--10 mm; phyllaries 30--90+, graduated in 3--9 series, often spreading or with spreading tips, reflexed in age, linear to narrowly lanceolate, stiff-papery to scarious, flat, tips leaf-like in texture, variously hairy and/or glandular; receptacle +- flat or rounded, pitted, with small scale-like projections, glabrous, epaleate. Ray Flower: 10--43, sterile; ray white or pink to purple; style 0. Disk Flower: 12--120+; corolla 4--8 mm, yellow, tube 0.6--1.4 mm, < narrowly cylindric throat, lobes erect, equal, narrowly lanceolate; anther tip awn-like; style branches linear, +- yellow-bristly; appendages blunt to awl-shaped, length 1/3--1/2 stigmatic bands. Fruit: cylindric to obconic, 2--5 mm, 5--7-ribbed, faces puberulent to long-soft-hairy; pappus 3--8 mm, persistent, of 35--65 free, unequal, coarse, minutely barbed bristles in 1--2 series, +- brown to +- red. Chromosomes: 2n=10. Ecology: Coastal scrub, chaparral, grassland, foothill woodland, forest; Elevation: < 2600 m. Bioregional Distribution: NCo, KR, NCoRO, c&s SN, Teh, CW, SW, w DMoj; Distribution Outside California: southwestern Oregon, northern Baja California. Flowering Time: Jul--Nov Synonyms: Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. incana (Nutt.) Canby Listed in CNPS Inventory, Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. linifolia Hall Listed in CNPS Inventory, Corethrogyne leucophylla Jeps. Listed in CNPS Inventory, Lessingia filaginifolia (Hook. & Arn.) M.A. Lane var. californica (DC.) M.A. Lane; Lessingia filaginifolia var. filaginifolia Unabridged Note: Some local populations and regional population systems of corethrogynes present distinct general appearances and the plants have been partitioned into 3 to 7 or more species with various numbers of infraspecific taxa (33 basionyms have been linked to the name Corethrogyne). Lane (1992) referred the plants to a single sp. with 2 varieties within Lessingia, and Saroyan et al. (2000) treated them as a single sp. with two varieties within Corethrogyne. Here, the consolidation is taken one step further and a single, polymorphic sp. with no infraspecific taxa is recognized. For further discussion and additional synonymy, see Saroyan et al. Jepson eFlora Author: Staci Markos & John L. Strother Reference: Markos & Strother 2006 FNANM 20:450--452 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Corethrogyne Next taxon: Cosmos
Botanical illustration including Corethrogyne filaginifolia
Citation for this treatment: Staci Markos & John L. Strother 2012, Corethrogyne filaginifolia, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=2375, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
