Common Name: SUNFLOWER FAMILY Habit: Annual to tree. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, simple to 2+ × compound. Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, resembling a flower, of several types (see below), 1--many in generally +- cyme-like cluster; each head generally with +- calyx-like involucre of 1--many series of phyllaries (involucre bracts); receptacle of head flat to conic or columnar, paleate (bearing paleae = receptacle bracts) or epaleate; flowers 1--many per head. Flower: bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, +- small, of several types (see below); calyx 0 or modified into +- persistent pappus of bristles, scales, and/or awns; corolla radial or bilateral (0), lobes generally (0)3--5; stamens 4--5, filaments generally free, generally fused to corolla at tube/throat junction, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, anther base generally rounded or cordate (deeply sagittate or with tail-like appendages), tip (= flattened appendage) generally projecting beyond pollen sac; pistil 1, 2-carpeled, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, placenta basal, style 1, tip generally +- 2-branched (except in some staminate disk flowers), branch tips truncate or generally bearing +- brush-like appendages; stigmas 2, generally on adaxial faces of style branches. Fruit: achene (also called a cypsela) (drupe in Chrysanthemoides), cylindric to ovoid, sometimes compressed, generally deciduous with pappus attached. Genera In Family: +- 1500 genera, 23000 species: worldwide, many habitats. Note: Flower and head types differ in form and sexual condition. A disk flower has a generally radial corolla, with a cylindric tube, expanded throat, and generally 5 lobes. Disk flowers are generally bisexual and fertile but occasionally staminate with reduced ovaries. Discoid heads comprise only disk flowers. A radiant head is a variant of a discoid head, with peripheral disk flower corollas expanded, often bilateral. A ray flower corolla is bilateral, generally with a slender tube and flattened petal-like ray (single lip composed of generally 3 lobes). Ray flowers are generally pistillate or sterile (occasionally lacking styles). Radiate heads have peripheral ray flowers and central disk flowers. Disciform heads superficially resemble discoid heads, with pistillate or sterile flowers that lack rays, together with or separate from disk flowers. A ligulate flower is bisexual, with a bilateral, generally ephemeral corolla and 5-lobed ligule. Liguliflorous heads comprise only ligulate flowers. See glossary p. 31 for illustrations of family characteristics. Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Gaillardia pulchella Foug., Hymenothrix loomisii S.F. Blake, Tagetes erecta L., Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze are waifs. Melampodium perfoliatum Kunth, historic urban waif. Ageratum conyzoides L., Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass., Santolina chamaecyparisus L., orth. var. are rare or uncommon escapes from cultivation. Dyssodia papposa, Ismelia carinata (Schousb.) Sch. Bip. [Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb.], Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill. are historical or extirpated waifs in California. Inula helenium L. not documented in California. Taxa of Aster in TJM (1993) treated here in Almutaster, Doellingeria, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oreostemma, Sericocarpus, Symphyotrichum; Chamomilla in Matricaria; Bahia in Hymenothrix; Cnicus in Centaurea; Conyza in Erigeron and Laennecia; Dugaldia in Hymenoxys; Erechtites in Senecio; Hymenoclea in Ambrosia; Lembertia in Monolopia; Osteospermum ecklonis in Dimorphotheca; Picris echioides in Helminthotheca; Prionopsis in Grindelia; Raillardiopsis in Anisocarpus and Carlquistia; Schkuhria multiflora in Picradeniopsis; Trimorpha in Erigeron; Venidium in Arctotis; Viguiera in Aldama and Bahiopsis; Whitneya in Arnica. Amauriopsis in TJM2 (2012) treated here in Hymenothrix; Arida in Leucosyris; Bahia in Picradeniopsis; Eucephalus in Doellingeria. Unabridged Note: Largest family of vascular plants in California and of eudicots globally. eFlora Treatment Author: David J. Keil, except as noted Scientific Editor: David J. Keil, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: FLEABANE DAISY Habit: Annual to perennial herb (subshrub). Stem: generally erect. Leaf: alternate, generally sessile, generally entire (toothed or lobed to ternately dissected). Inflorescence: heads generally radiate (discoid, disciform), 1--few (many), peduncled; inflorescence generally +- flat-topped (raceme- to panicle-like); involucre urn- to bell-shaped or generally hemispheric; phyllaries linear to narrowly lanceolate, in 2--several series, +- equal to strongly graduated, generally ascending or erect in flower, generally green, spreading when pressed, reflexed when dry; receptacle flat to steeply conic, smooth to shallowly pitted, epaleate. Ray Or Pistillate Flower: (0)10--generally many; ray generally narrow, generally white or pink to lavender or blue-purple (yellow), generally spreading when fresh, often coiled or reflexed when dry. Pistillate Flower: (0)10--generally many; ray generally narrow, generally white or pink to lavender or blue-purple (yellow), generally spreading when fresh, often coiled or reflexed when dry. Disk Flower: generally many; corolla generally narrowly funnel-shaped, yellow; anther tip +- lanceolate; style tips 0.1--0.8 mm, +- triangular. Fruit: generally 0.5--3 mm, generally +- oblong, compressed to +- cylindric, generally 2-ribbed, generally sparsely hairy; pappus (0) generally double, outer of short bristles, narrow scales, or a short crown, inner of 6--50 long bristles. Etymology: (Greek: early old age) Note:Erigeron concinnus (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. & A. Gray var. condensatus D.C. Eaton, Erigeron disparipilus Cronquist, and Erigeron lobata A. Nelson apparently not in California. eFlora Treatment Author: David J. Keil & Guy L. Nesom Reference: Nesom 2006 FNANM 20:256--348 Unabridged Reference: Noyes 2000 Pl Syst Evol 220:93--114
Erigeron bonariensis L.
NATURALIZED Habit: Annual 10--100(150+) cm, +- gray-hairy. Stem: erect or ascending, leafy, branched distally or throughout, densely strigose, bristly; central stem often overtopped by distal branches in age. Leaf: +- densely strigose and/or bristly; basal and proximal cauline petioled, 3--8(12+) cm, 10--25+ mm wide, oblanceolate, entire to coarsely toothed or pinnately lobed; distal sessile, 1--5 cm, 2--10 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, entire or shallowly toothed. Inflorescence: heads disciform, 5--many, +- long-peduncled, generally in raceme-like (panicle-like or +- flat-topped) clusters; involucre generally 3.5--5 mm, widely cylindric or urn-shaped in flower; phyllaries +- equal, densely strigose and/or minutely bristly, green to +- red or purple; central colored part of middle phyllaries generally wider than light-colored margin, not red-brown when dry, not resin-filled; receptacle (2.5)3--5 mm diam in fruit. Pistillate Flower: 60--150+; corolla +- = style, green-white to purple, ray 0--0.3 mm. Disk Flower: 8--25. Fruit: 1--1.5 mm, pale tan, sparsely minutely strigose; pappus bristles 15--25+, 3--4+ mm, cream to +- brown. Chromosomes: 2n=54. Ecology: Disturbed sites; Elevation: < 1300+ m. Bioregional Distribution: NCoRI, CaRF, n&c SNF, GV, CW, SW, DMtns; Distribution Outside California: to eastern North America; native to South America. Flowering Time: All year Synonyms: Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist Jepson eFlora Author: David J. Keil & Guy L. Nesom Reference: Nesom 2006 FNANM 20:256--348 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Erigeron bloomeri var. nudatus Next taxon: Erigeron breweri
Botanical illustration including Erigeron bonariensis
Citation for this treatment: David J. Keil & Guy L. Nesom 2023, Erigeron bonariensis, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 12, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=2305, accessed on December 02, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 02, 2024.
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).