Jepson Herbarium
The University and Jepson Herbaria
University of California, Berkeley
Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Vascular Plants of California
Key to families | Table of families and genera
Previous taxon Index to accepted names and synonyms:
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M |
| N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
Next taxon

Dactylis glomerata


Higher Taxonomy
Family: Poaceae (Gramineae)View DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: GRASS FAMILY
Habit: Annual to woody perennial herb; roots generally fibrous. Stem: generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid. Leaf: alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear, parallel-veined; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base. Inflorescence: various (of generally many spikelets). Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1--many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally +- transparent, +- enclosed by lemma. Flower: generally bisexual, minute; perianth vestigial; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose. Fruit: grain, sometimes achene- or utricle-like.
Genera In Family: 650--900 genera; +- 10550 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials). Note: Generally wind-pollinated. Achnatherum, Ampelodesmos, Hesperostipa, Nassella, Piptatherum, Piptochaetium, Ptilagrostis moved to Stipa; Elytrigia, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Taeniatherum to Elymus; Hierochloe to Anthoxanthum; Lolium, Vulpia to Festuca; Lycurus to Muhlenbergia; Monanthochloe to Distichlis; Pleuraphis to Hilaria; Rhynchelytrum to Melinis. The following taxa (in genera not included here), recorded in California from historical collections or reported in literature, are extirpated, lacking vouchers, or not considered naturalized: Acrachne racemosa (Roth) Ohwi, Allolepis texana (Vasey) Soderstr. & H.F. Decker, Amphibromus nervosus (Hook. f.) Baill., Axonopus affinis Chase, Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Coix lacryma-jobi L., Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K. Richt., Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr., Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees, Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P. Beauv., Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C. Rivière, Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zuccarini, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Branner & Coville, Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Wooton & Standl., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Thysanolaena latifolia (Hornem.) Honda, Tribolium obliterum (Hemsl.) Renvoize, Zea mays L., Zizania palustris L. var. interior (Fassett) Dore, Zoysia japonica Steud. Paspalum pubiflorum E. Fourn., Paspalum quadrifarium Lam., are now reported for southern California (J Bot Res Inst Texas 4:761--770). See Glossary p. 30 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
eFlora Treatment Author: James P. Smith, Jr., except as noted
Scientific Editor: James P. Smith, Jr., J. Travis Columbus, Dieter H. Wilken.
Genus: DactylisView Description 


Common Name: ORCHARD GRASS

Etymology: (Greek: finger, from finger-like inflorescence branches)
eFlora Treatment Author: Dieter H. Wilken
Reference: Allred 2007 FNANM 24:482--483
Unabridged Reference: Stebbins & Zohary 1959 Univ Calif Publ Bot 31:1--40
Dactylis glomerata L.
NATURALIZED
Habit: Perennial herb, cespitose, from short rhizomes. Stem: (1)2--5, 3--20+ dm. Leaf: basal and cauline; sheath closed, keeled; auricles 0; ligule 4--9 mm, +- translucent, fringed to toothed at obtuse tip, glabrous to minutely soft-hairy; blade 3--6 mm wide, slightly scabrous. Inflorescence: panicle-like, 4--20 cm; lower branches spike-like, spreading, upper stiffly erect to spreading. Spikelet: crowded, generally on 1 side of branch tips, short-stalked to subsessile, laterally compressed; florets 2--6, generally bisexual (upper sometimes staminate), breaking above glumes and between florets; glumes, lemmas short-awned at tip, minutely ciliate to short-hairy on back; glumes 3--6 mm, subequal, 1--3-veined; lemma 4--7 mm, margin translucent, 5-veined; palea slightly < lemma, 2-forked at tip. Chromosomes: 2n=14,21,27--31,42.
Ecology: Disturbed, often moist sites; Elevation: < 2410 m. Bioregional Distribution: CA-FP, GB; Distribution Outside California: to Alaska, Canada, widespread in United States; native to Eurasia. Flowering Time: May--Aug Note: Cultivated for forage, hay.
Jepson eFlora Author: Dieter H. Wilken
Reference: Allred 2007 FNANM 24:482--483
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)
View the CDFA Pest Rating page for Dactylis glomerata
Weed listed by Cal-IPC

Previous taxon: Dactylis
Next taxon: Dactyloctenium

Botanical illustration including Dactylis glomeratabotanical illustration including Dactylis glomerata


Please use this Google Form for Contact/Feedback

Citation for this treatment: Dieter H. Wilken 2012, Dactylis glomerata, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=22210, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Dactylis glomerata
click for image enlargement
©2003 Steve Matson
Dactylis glomerata
click for image enlargement
©2008 Keir Morse
Dactylis glomerata
click for image enlargement
©2008 Keir Morse
Dactylis glomerata
click for image enlargement
©2003 Steve Matson
Dactylis glomerata
click for image enlargement
©2003 Steve Matson

More photos of Dactylis glomerata
in CalPhotos



Geographic subdivisions for Dactylis glomerata:
CA-FP, GB
MAP CONTROLS
1. You can change the display of the base map layer control box in the upper right-hand corner.
2. County and Jepson Region polygons can be turned off and on using the check boxes.
map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

Data provided by the participants of the  Consortium of California Herbaria.

MAP LEGEND
View all CCH records
All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
READ ABOUT YELLOW FLAGS

CCH collections by month Flowering-Fruiting Monthly Counts

Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).