Common Name: GRASS FAMILY Habit: Annual to woody perennial herb; roots generally fibrous. Stem: generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid. Leaf: alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear, parallel-veined; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base. Inflorescence: various (of generally many spikelets). Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1--many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally +- transparent, +- enclosed by lemma. Flower: generally bisexual, minute; perianth vestigial; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose. Fruit: grain, sometimes achene- or utricle-like. Genera In Family: 650--900 genera; +- 10550 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials). Note: Generally wind-pollinated. Achnatherum, Ampelodesmos, Hesperostipa, Nassella, Piptatherum, Piptochaetium, Ptilagrostis moved to Stipa; Elytrigia, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Taeniatherum to Elymus; Hierochloe to Anthoxanthum; Lolium, Vulpia to Festuca; Lycurus to Muhlenbergia; Monanthochloe to Distichlis; Pleuraphis to Hilaria; Rhynchelytrum to Melinis. The following taxa (in genera not included here), recorded in California from historical collections or reported in literature, are extirpated, lacking vouchers, or not considered naturalized: Acrachne racemosa (Roth) Ohwi, Allolepis texana (Vasey) Soderstr. & H.F. Decker, Amphibromus nervosus (Hook. f.) Baill., Axonopus affinis Chase, Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Coix lacryma-jobi L., Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K. Richt., Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr., Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees, Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P. Beauv., Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C. Rivière, Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zuccarini, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Branner & Coville, Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Wooton & Standl., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Thysanolaena latifolia (Hornem.) Honda, Tribolium obliterum (Hemsl.) Renvoize, Zea mays L., Zizania palustris L. var. interior (Fassett) Dore, Zoysia japonica Steud. Paspalum pubiflorum E. Fourn., Paspalum quadrifarium Lam., are now reported for southern California (J Bot Res Inst Texas 4:761--770). See Glossary p. 30 for illustrations of general family characteristics. eFlora Treatment Author: James P. Smith, Jr., except as noted Scientific Editor: James P. Smith, Jr., J. Travis Columbus, Dieter H. Wilken.
Common Name: REED GRASS Habit: Perennial herb, generally from rhizomes. Stem: 1--15 dm, generally not branched, +- smooth; nodes (1)2--8. Leaf: generally basal and cauline; sheath smooth or scabrous; ligule membranous; blade flat to inrolled. Inflorescence: panicle-like, open to dense; branches +- drooping to appressed; spikelets ascending to appressed. Spikelet: glumes subequal, generally lanceolate, acute to acuminate, lower generally 1-veined, upper 3-veined; floret 1, breaking above glumes; axis prolonged beyond floret, hairy; callus hairy; lemma < glumes, awned from below middle to near base, tip generally 4-toothed, veins 3--5, awn straight to twisted, bent; palea +- = lemma, thin. Etymology: (Greek: reed grass) Note: Hybridization, polyploidy (diploids unknown), and asexual seed set contribute to taxonomic difficulty. eFlora Treatment Author: Paul M. Peterson, Jeffery M. Saarela & Craig W. Greene Reference: Marr et al. 2007 FNANM 24:706--732 Unabridged Reference: Greene 1980 Ph.D. Dissertation Harvard Univ
Calamagrostis nutkaensis (J. Presl) Steud.
NATIVE Habit: Cespitose, rhizomes 3--6 cm, 1.5--3 mm thick, stout. Stem: 6--11(15) dm, generally unbranched below; nodes 1--2(3). Leaf: sheath loosely open at stem base; collar smooth; ligule 1--4 mm, truncate, entire, generally hidden by expanded collar; blade 4--10(20) mm wide, flat, upper surface smooth. Inflorescence: 12--30 cm, +- open below, narrow above; branches < 5--7+ cm, ascending. Spikelet: glumes 5--7(7.5) mm, smooth to scabrous especially on keel; axis 0.5--1 mm, hairs 0.5--1.2 mm, sparse; callus hairs (1.5)2--2.5(3) mm; lemma 4--5 mm, awned +- near middle; awn 1--3 mm, not exserted, straight or slightly twisted, bent. Chromosomes: 2n=28. Ecology: Wet areas, beaches, dunes, coastal woodland, inland marshes; Elevation: < 1070 m. Bioregional Distribution: NCo, CCo, SnFrB; Distribution Outside California: to Alaska. Flowering Time: May--Aug Jepson eFlora Author: Paul M. Peterson, Jeffery M. Saarela & Craig W. Greene Reference: Marr et al. 2007 FNANM 24:706--732 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Calamagrostis muiriana Next taxon: Calamagrostis ophitidis
Botanical illustration including Calamagrostis nutkaensis
Citation for this treatment: Paul M. Peterson, Jeffery M. Saarela & Craig W. Greene 2012, Calamagrostis nutkaensis, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=16562, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
