Common Name: GRASS FAMILY Habit: Annual to woody perennial herb; roots generally fibrous. Stem: generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid. Leaf: alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear, parallel-veined; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base. Inflorescence: various (of generally many spikelets). Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1--many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally +- transparent, +- enclosed by lemma. Flower: generally bisexual, minute; perianth vestigial; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose. Fruit: grain, sometimes achene- or utricle-like. Genera In Family: 650--900 genera; +- 10550 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials). Note: Generally wind-pollinated. Achnatherum, Ampelodesmos, Hesperostipa, Nassella, Piptatherum, Piptochaetium, Ptilagrostis moved to Stipa; Elytrigia, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Taeniatherum to Elymus; Hierochloe to Anthoxanthum; Lolium, Vulpia to Festuca; Lycurus to Muhlenbergia; Monanthochloe to Distichlis; Pleuraphis to Hilaria; Rhynchelytrum to Melinis. The following taxa (in genera not included here), recorded in California from historical collections or reported in literature, are extirpated, lacking vouchers, or not considered naturalized: Acrachne racemosa (Roth) Ohwi, Allolepis texana (Vasey) Soderstr. & H.F. Decker, Amphibromus nervosus (Hook. f.) Baill., Axonopus affinis Chase, Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Coix lacryma-jobi L., Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K. Richt., Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr., Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees, Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P. Beauv., Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C. Rivière, Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zuccarini, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Branner & Coville, Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Wooton & Standl., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Thysanolaena latifolia (Hornem.) Honda, Tribolium obliterum (Hemsl.) Renvoize, Zea mays L., Zizania palustris L. var. interior (Fassett) Dore, Zoysia japonica Steud. Paspalum pubiflorum E. Fourn., Paspalum quadrifarium Lam., are now reported for southern California (J Bot Res Inst Texas 4:761--770). See Glossary p. 30 for illustrations of general family characteristics. eFlora Treatment Author: James P. Smith, Jr., except as noted Scientific Editor: James P. Smith, Jr., J. Travis Columbus, Dieter H. Wilken.
Common Name: BENT GRASS Habit: Annual or perennial herb, generally tufted, occasionally from rhizomes or stolons. Stem: generally erect. Leaf: sheath generally smooth, glabrous; ligule membranous; blade flat to rolled. Inflorescence: panicle-like, densely cylindric to openly ovate. Spikelet: glumes generally subequal, back generally glabrous, vein generally finely scabrous, 1-veined, generally acute; floret 1, < glumes, generally breaking above glumes; callus glabrous to densely hairy; lemma generally 5-veined, veins not converging, occasionally extended as short teeth, awned from back or not; palea generally 0 or << lemma, translucent; anthers generally 3. Etymology: (Greek: pasture) Note: Some cultivated in pastures, lawns. Agropogon lutosus (Poir.) P. Fourn. is a sterile hybrid between Agrostis stolonifera and Polypogon monspeliensis. Agrostis viridis is treated as Polypogon viridis. Agrostis nebulosa Boiss. & Reut. is reported for California (FNANM 24: 661), but no specimens have been located. Generic delimitation adopted here reflects editorial preference. Agrostis lacuna-vernalis newly described, added as native. eFlora Treatment Author: Paul M. Peterson & Michael J. Harvey Reference: Peterson et al. 2011 J Bot Res Inst Texas 5:421--426 Unabridged Reference: Carlbom 1967 Ph.D. Dissertation Oregon State Univ; Harvey 2007 FNANM 24:633--662; 693--697
Agrostis gigantea Roth
NATURALIZED Habit: Perennial herb 20--100 cm; rhizomes < 25 cm, +- scaly. Leaf: ligule 2--6 mm, longer than wide; proximal blades 4--10 cm, 3--8 mm wide, flat. Inflorescence: 8--25 cm, widely ovate in outline, open; 1° branches generally spreading, proximal 4--7 cm, axes thread-like. Spikelet: glumes 2--3 mm; callus hairs 0 or minute; lemma 1.5--2 mm, awn 0 (short-awned); palea 0.7--1.4 mm; anthers 1--1.4 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=42. Ecology: Roadsides, disturbed areas; Elevation: < 2000 m. Bioregional Distribution: CA-FP; Distribution Outside California: to eastern United States; native to Europe. Flowering Time: Jun--Sep Note: Difficult to separate from Agrostis stolonifera. Unabridged Synonyms: Agrostis alba L., in part, misappl. Jepson eFlora Author: Paul M. Peterson & Michael J. Harvey Reference: Peterson et al. 2011 J Bot Res Inst Texas 5:421--426 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Agrostis exarata Next taxon: Agrostis hallii
Citation for this treatment: Paul M. Peterson & Michael J. Harvey 2014, Agrostis gigantea, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 2, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=12287, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
