Common Name: BUTTERCUP FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, woody vine [shrub], occasionally aquatic. Leaf: generally basal and cauline, alternate or opposite, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, occasionally sheathing or stipule-like. Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers 1. Flower: generally bisexual, generally radial; sepals 3--6(20), free, early-deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0--many, generally free; stamens generally 5--many, staminodes generally 0; pistils 1--many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 0--1, generally +- persistent as beak, ovules 1--many. Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, +- utricle in Trautvetteria, in aggregate or not, 1--many-seeded. Genera In Family: +- 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially northern temperate, tropical mountains; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Helleborus, Nigella). Toxicity: some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus). Note: Taxa of Isopyrum in TJM (1993) moved to Enemion; Kumlienia moved to Ranunculus. eFlora Treatment Author: Margriet Wetherwax & Dieter H. Wilken, family description, key to genera Scientific Editor: Douglas H. Goldman, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: BANEBERRY Habit: Perennial herb from stout, branched caudex. Stem: 1--few, ascending to erect, branched or not. Leaf: 1--4, generally 1--3-ternate or -pinnate. Inflorescence: raceme, axillary or terminal. Flower: sepals 3--5, petal-like, early-deciduous; petals 4--10, spoon-shaped to obovate, clawed; pistil 1, placentas 2, ovules several. Fruit: berry. Etymology: (Greek: ancient name, from wet habitat, similarity to Sambucus leaves) Toxicity: Fruit TOXIC to humans. eFlora Treatment Author: Bruce A. Ford & Dieter H. Wilken
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd.
NATIVE Habit: Plant (2)3--10 dm. Stem: few-branched distally, sparsely puberulent. Leaf: 10--40 cm, lower 2--3-ternate, upper 1--2-ternate, leaflets 2--9 cm, toothed to irregularly cut, lateral lanceolate to ovate, terminal widely ovate to +- round. Inflorescence: pedicels spreading to ascending, 5--8 mm, 6--37 mm in fruit. Flower: sepals 2--5 mm, +- white or +- purple-green; petals +- = sepals, white; stamens 3--7 mm. Fruit: 5--10 mm, red or white, shiny. Chromosomes: n=8. Ecology: Deep soils, moist, open to shaded sites, mixed-evergreen or conifer forests; Elevation: < 2800 m. Bioregional Distribution: NW, CaR, SN (exc Teh), CCo, SnFrB, SCoRO, SnBr, MP; Distribution Outside California: to Alaska, northeastern North America. Flowering Time: May--Sep Synonyms: Actaea rubra subsp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén Jepson eFlora Author: Bruce A. Ford & Dieter H. Wilken Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Actaea Next taxon: Adonis
Citation for this treatment: Bruce A. Ford & Dieter H. Wilken 2012, Actaea rubra, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=11894, accessed on April 24, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 24, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Actaea rubra:
NW, CaR, SN (exc Teh), CCo, SnFrB, SCoRO, SnBr, MP
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
MAP LEGEND View all CCH records All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).