Common Name: BORAGE FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, or shrub, often bristly or sharp-hairy. Stem: prostrate-decumbent to erect. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, simple, generally alternate, sometimes opposite, especially at base. Inflorescence: cymes, arranged singly or in groups of 2--5, generally coiled in flower, generally elongating in fruit. Flower: bisexual, generally radial; sepals 5, free or fused at least at base; corolla 5-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, appendages (often called "fornices") 0 or 5 at top of tube, when present often differentially pigmented, alternate stamens; stamens epipetalous; ovary superior, 4-lobed, style 1, entire or minutely 2-lobed (2-branched). Fruit: nutlets 1--4, when > 1, all similar (often called "homomorphic") or 1 or 2 dissimilar in size and/or shape from the others (often called "heteromorphic"), free (fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not. Genera In Family: +- 90 genera, +- 1600--1700 species: mostly temperate, especially western North America, Mediterranean; some cultivated (Borago, Echium, Myosotis, Symphytum). Toxicity: Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. Note: Sometimes still treated in broader sense of TJM2 (e.g., APG IV 2016 Bot J Linn Soc 181:1--20), but recent evidence (Luebert et al. 2016) supports segregation, for our flora, of the families Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae, and Namaceae. eFlora Treatment Author: Michael G. Simpson, C. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman & Ronald B. Kelley Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin, C. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman, David J. Keil, Ronald B. Kelley, Robert W. Patterson, Thomas J. Rosatti & Michael G. Simpson
Etymology: M. Gruvel, late 18th to early 19th Century French physician Note: Most closely related to Pectocarya or to Pectocarya plus Harpagonella based on molecular phylogenetic analyses; unlike Pectocarya, has radial rather than bilateral fruits (Guilliams 2015; Simpson et al. 2017). eFlora Treatment Author: C. Matt Guilliams Reference: Veno 1979 Ph.D. Dissertation Univ CA Los Angeles; Guilliams 2015 Ph.D. Dissertation Univ CA Berkeley; Simpson et al. 2017 Taxon 66:1406--1420
Gruvelia pusilla A. DC.
NATIVE Habit: Annual. Stem: ascending to erect, 3--20(38) cm, branched +- near base. Leaf: proximal opposite, fused at base; distal alternate. Inflorescence: pedicel in fruit 1--2.3 mm. Flower: calyx radial, lobes in fruit +- equal, > nutlets, appressed-short-hairy, tip with hooked-tipped bristles; corolla funnel-shaped, white. Fruit: nutlets 4, not paired, radial, collectively cross-shaped, all similar, 1.5--3 mm, +- diamond-shaped; margins entire, not membranous-winged. Chromosomes: 2n=24. Ecology: Dry, semi-barren sites in grassland, chaparral, woodland, roadsides; Elevation: 100--1800 m. Bioregional Distribution: NW, CaR, SNF, n&c SNH, CW; Distribution Outside California: to Washington; possible waif in Chile. Flowering Time: Mar--Jun Jepson eFlora Author: C. Matt Guilliams Reference: Veno 1979 Ph.D. Dissertation Univ CA Los Angeles; Guilliams 2015 Ph.D. Dissertation Univ CA Berkeley; Simpson et al. 2017 Taxon 66:1406--1420 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Gruvelia Next taxon: Hackelia
Citation for this treatment: C. Matt Guilliams 2021, Gruvelia pusilla, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 9, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=105901, accessed on October 04, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on October 04, 2024.
No expert verified images found for Gruvelia pusilla.
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