Common Name: BORAGE FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, or shrub, often bristly or sharp-hairy. Stem: prostrate-decumbent to erect. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, simple, generally alternate, sometimes opposite, especially at base. Inflorescence: cymes, arranged singly or in groups of 2--5, generally coiled in flower, generally elongating in fruit. Flower: bisexual, generally radial; sepals 5, free or fused at least at base; corolla 5-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, appendages (often called "fornices") 0 or 5 at top of tube, when present often differentially pigmented, alternate stamens; stamens epipetalous; ovary superior, 4-lobed, style 1, entire or minutely 2-lobed (2-branched). Fruit: nutlets 1--4, when > 1, all similar (often called "homomorphic") or 1 or 2 dissimilar in size and/or shape from the others (often called "heteromorphic"), free (fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not. Genera In Family: +- 90 genera, +- 1600--1700 species: mostly temperate, especially western North America, Mediterranean; some cultivated (Borago, Echium, Myosotis, Symphytum). Toxicity: Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. Note: Sometimes still treated in broader sense of TJM2 (e.g., APG IV 2016 Bot J Linn Soc 181:1--20), but recent evidence (Luebert et al. 2016) supports segregation, for our flora, of the families Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae, and Namaceae. eFlora Treatment Author: Michael G. Simpson, C. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman & Ronald B. Kelley Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin, C. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman, David J. Keil, Ronald B. Kelley, Robert W. Patterson, Thomas J. Rosatti & Michael G. Simpson
Etymology: Adeline E. Cohen, daughter of James I. Cohen who named the genus, 2014-- Note: More closely related to members of subtribe Amsinckiinae than to Cynoglossum (where previously treated) based on molecular phylogenetic analyses (Cohen 2015; Simpson et al. 2017). eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald B. Kelley & Michael G. Simpson Reference: Cohen 2015 Syst Bot 40:611--619; Simpson et al. 2017 Taxon 66:1406--1420
Adelinia grandis (Douglas ex Lehm.) J.I. Cohen
NATIVE Habit: Perennial herb. Stem: erect, generally 1, 3--9 dm, glabrous, +- glaucous. Leaf: entire, abaxially hairy, adaxially +- glabrous; basal petiole 8--15 cm, +- unwinged, blade 8--15 cm, 3--10 cm wide, +- ovate to elliptic, base truncate or cordate, abruptly narrowed to petiole; cauline few, petioled. Inflorescence: panicle-like cymes, +- terminal, above leaves; bracts scale-like or 0; pedicels 10--25 mm. Flower: calyx +- deep-5-lobed, enlarged in fruit; corolla 5-lobed, 8--12 mm, +- salverform, tube generally violet, limb generally 10--15 mm diam, lobes +- blue, appendages large, white, style entire. Fruit: nutlets generally 4, 5--6 mm diam, +- spheric, ascending-spreading, short-barbed-prickly, abaxially rounded, margin not raised, adaxial attachment scar at tip. Chromosomes: 2n=24. Ecology: Chaparral, woodland; Elevation: 10--1700 m. Bioregional Distribution: NW, CaR, SN, SnFrB, SCoR, PR; Distribution Outside California: to British Columbia. Flowering Time: Feb--May Synonyms: Cynoglossum grande Douglas ex Lehm. Jepson eFlora Author: Ronald B. Kelley & Michael G. Simpson Reference: Cohen 2015 Syst Bot 40:611--619; Simpson et al. 2017 Taxon 66:1406--1420 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Adelinia Next taxon: Amsinckia
Citation for this treatment: Ronald B. Kelley & Michael G. Simpson 2021, Adelinia grandis, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 9, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=101954, accessed on April 25, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 25, 2024.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
