Common Name: OAK FAMILY Habit: Shrub, tree, evergreen or not; monoecious. Leaf: simple, alternate, petioled; margin entire to lobed; stipules small, generally deciduous. Staminate Inflorescence: catkin or stiff spike, many-flowered. Pistillate Inflorescence: 1--few-flowered, generally above staminate inflorescence; involucre bracts many, generally overlapping, flat or cylindric. Staminate Flower: calyx generally 4--6-lobed, minute; petals 0; stamens 4--12+. Pistillate Flower: calyx generally 6-lobed, minute; petals 0; ovary inferior, style branches generally 3. Fruit: 1 nut subtended, partly enclosed by scaly, cup-like involucre or 1--3 nuts subtended, enclosed by spiny, bur-like involucre; mature years 1--2. Seed: generally 1. Genera In Family: 7 genera, +- 900 species: generally northern hemisphere. Note: Wood of Quercus critical for pre-20th century ship-building, charcoal for metallurgy; some now supply wood (Fagus, Quercus), cork (Quercus suber), food (Castanea, chestnut). Lithocarpus densiflorus moved to Notholithocarpus. eFlora Treatment Author: John M. Tucker, except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: OAK Habit: Evergreen or not. Leaf: stipules small, generally early-deciduous. Staminate Inflorescence: catkins, 1--several, pendent, slender, proximal on twig. Pistillate Inflorescence: in distal leaf axils, short-stalked; flower generally 1. Staminate Flower: stamens 4--10. Pistillate Flower: calyx minute, generally 6-lobed; ovary enclosed by involucre. Fruit: nut 1, partly enclosed by cup-like involucre (cup) with appressed scales (nut and cup = acorn), remnants of perianth and style persistent as small point at tip; scales tubercled to not; mature in years 1 (on younger stems) or 2 (on older stems). Chromosomes: 2n=24. Etymology: (Latin: ancient name for oak) Note: Many named hybrids; those (3) treated here form widespread populations; most others occur as single individuals, and some but not all of these are mentioned here, under the first parent treated (alphabetically). Reproduction of many species declining due to habitat degradation or loss as well as disease. Quercus robur added, as waif. eFlora Treatment Author: Thomas J. Rosatti & John M. Tucker Reference: Manos et al. 1999 Molec Phylogen Evol 12:333--349 Unabridged Reference: Cottam, W. P., J. M. Tucker, & F. S. Santamour. 1982. Oak hybridization at the University of Utah. State Arboretum of Utah Publication No. 1. Salt Lake City; Hardin, J. W. 1975. Hybridization and introgression in Quercus alba. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 56: 336--363; Manos, P. S., Doyle, J. J., & Nixon, K. C. 1999. Phylogeny, biogeography, and processes of molecular differentiation of Quercus subgenus Quercus (Fagaceae). Molec Phylogen Evol 12: 333--349.
Common Name: INTERIOR LIVE OAK Habit: Shrub 2--4(6) m or tree generally 10--22 m, evergreen; trunk bark furrowed, +- checkered, +- gray. Leaf: 2--5 cm; petiole 3--15 mm; blade generally oblong to elliptic or lanceolate, adaxially glabrous, shiny, generally dark green, abaxially glabrous, +- shiny, yellow-green, tip generally acute, abruptly pointed, margin entire to spine-toothed, rarely wavy. Fruit: cup 12--18 mm wide, 12--16 mm deep, cup-shaped to hemispheric, scales not tubercled, +- thin; nut 20--40 mm, cylindric-ovoid, ovoid, or +- obconic, distally acute to +- obtuse, shell woolly inside; mature in year 2.
Citation for this treatment: Thomas J. Rosatti & John M. Tucker 2014, Quercus wislizeni var. wislizeni, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 2, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=64777, accessed on November 02, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on November 02, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Quercus wislizeni var. wislizeni:
KR, NCoR, CaRF, SNF, s SNH, Teh, ScV (Sutter Buttes), SnFrB, SCoR, TR, PR, SNE
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).