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Plagiobothrys collinus var. fulvescens

ROUGH-STEMMED POPCORNFLOWER


Higher Taxonomy
Family: BoraginaceaeView DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: BORAGE FAMILY
Habit: Annual, perennial herb, or shrub, often bristly or sharp-hairy. Stem: prostrate-decumbent to erect. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, simple, generally alternate, sometimes opposite, especially at base. Inflorescence: cymes, arranged singly or in groups of 2--5, generally coiled in flower, generally elongating in fruit. Flower: bisexual, generally radial; sepals 5, free or fused at least at base; corolla 5-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, appendages (often called "fornices") 0 or 5 at top of tube, when present often differentially pigmented, alternate stamens; stamens epipetalous; ovary superior, 4-lobed, style 1, entire or minutely 2-lobed (2-branched). Fruit: nutlets 1--4, when > 1, all similar (often called "homomorphic") or 1 or 2 dissimilar in size and/or shape from the others (often called "heteromorphic"), free (fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not.
Genera In Family: +- 90 genera, +- 1600--1700 species: mostly temperate, especially western North America, Mediterranean; some cultivated (Borago, Echium, Myosotis, Symphytum). Toxicity: Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. Note: Sometimes still treated in broader sense of TJM2 (e.g., APG IV 2016 Bot J Linn Soc 181:1--20), but recent evidence (Luebert et al. 2016) supports segregation, for our flora, of the families Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae, and Namaceae.
eFlora Treatment Author: Michael G. Simpson, C. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman & Ronald B. Kelley
Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin, C. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman, David J. Keil, Ronald B. Kelley, Robert W. Patterson, Thomas J. Rosatti & Michael G. Simpson
Genus: PlagiobothrysView DescriptionDichotomous Key

Common Name: POPCORNFLOWER
Habit: Annual (perennial herb), generally strigose to spreading-hairy; fibrous- to taprooted, staining red dye present or not. Stem: branched at base or above, < 5 dm. Leaf: cauline or basal and cauline, 0.5--10 cm, generally smaller tipward, linear to oblanceolate. Inflorescence: raceme- or spike-like cymes, coiled in bud, generally elongate in fruit; bracts 0--many. Flower: calyx lobes fused below middle, 2--10 mm in fruit; corolla rotate to funnel-shaped or cylindric, white or white with yellow area, tube generally +- yellow inside, limb 1--12 mm diam, appendages prominent to minute, white to yellow. Fruit: nutlets generally 4, +- ovate (triangular to +- lanceolate), rarely on narrow stalk or short peg, variously roughened, abaxially generally with central ridge, lateral ridges, cross-ribs, generally tubercled, occasionally prickly or bristly; adaxially keeled above attachment scar, scar on side generally near middle to base, sometimes on bottom or oblique (on angle between side and bottom), generally raised.
Etymology: (Greek: sideways pit, from position of nutlet attachment scar) Note: Nutlet characters in key generally best for 3 nutlets farthest from stem; yellow on corolla changes to white after pollination. Other taxa in TJM (2012) moved to Amsinckiopsis and Sonnea.
Unabridged Note: Fully mature nutlets needed for identification; in many species nutlet closest to stem often more firmly attached, larger, differently textured, and with completely different attachment scar than other 3; nutlet characters used in key focus on 3 more loosely attached nutlets. Intergradation common in some species groups; reticulate speciation in genus; sect. Allocarya often treated as separate genus in older works; many species need study. Corolla size can diminish markedly during flower period. Yellow corolla appendages and, if present, contrasting yellow corolla centers, change to white after successful pollination.
eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald B. Kelley & C. Matt Guilliams
Unabridged Reference: Horn 2000 Ph.D. Dissertation Univ Munich; Johnston 1932 Contr Arnold Arboretum 3:1--102; Guilliams 2015 Ph.D. Dissertation Univ CA Berkeley.
Species: Plagiobothrys collinusView Description 


Habit: Annual, hairs +- spreading, fine or coarse. Stem: prostrate to erect, generally 0.2--4 dm. Leaf: cauline, lower generally opposite, 1--4 cm, upper alternate. Inflorescence: generally elongate, bracts at least below; pedicel to 1.5 mm. Flower: calyx +- 3 mm; corolla limb 1--8 mm diam, appendages generally inconspicuous, +- white. Fruit: nutlet 1--2 mm, ovate; abaxial ridge, lateral ridges, cross-ribs sharp; scar near middle, at tip of +- 0.5 mm, narrow, angled stalk.

Unabridged Note: Typical variety in Chile. Recently recognized var. pringlei native to Arizona and Mexico. Like many of the chaparral- and scrub-associated Plagiobothrys species, often appears after fires. Plagiobothrys collinus var. californicus, Plagiobothrys collinus var. fulvescens, Plagiobothrys collinus var. gracilis +- intergrade.
Plagiobothrys collinus (Phil.) I.M. Johnst. var. fulvescens (I.M. Johnst.) Higgins
NATIVE
Habit: Plant not cespitose. Stem: +- prostrate, 1--4 dm, hairs generally coarse, rough. Leaf: 1--3 cm, 3--5 mm wide, lanceolate. Inflorescence: elongate, exceeding leaves. Flower: corolla limb +- 2 mm diam. Fruit: nutlet 1.5--2 mm.
Ecology: Dry +- gravelly places, openings in chaparral, coastal scrub, conifer forest, occasionally coastal scrub; Elevation: generally 300--1800+ m. Bioregional Distribution: SCoR, SW, w DSon; Distribution Outside California: Arizona, Mexico, Chile. Flowering Time: Mar--Jun
Synonyms: Plagiobothrys californicus (A. Gray) Greene var. fulvescens I.M. Johnst.
Jepson eFlora Author: Ronald B. Kelley & C. Matt Guilliams
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)

Previous taxon: Plagiobothrys collinus var. californicus
Next taxon: Plagiobothrys collinus var. gracilis


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Citation for this treatment: Ronald B. Kelley & C. Matt Guilliams 2021, Plagiobothrys collinus var. fulvescens, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 9, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=63889, accessed on October 03, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on October 03, 2024.

Plagiobothrys collinus  
var. fulvescens
click for image enlargement
©2011 Steve Matson
Plagiobothrys collinus  
var. fulvescens
click for image enlargement
©2011 Steve Matson
Plagiobothrys collinus  
var. fulvescens
click for image enlargement
©2011 Steve Matson
Plagiobothrys collinus  
var. fulvescens
click for image enlargement
©2011 Steve Matson
Plagiobothrys collinus  
var. fulvescens
click for image enlargement
©2021 Dylan Neubauer

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Geographic subdivisions for Plagiobothrys collinus var. fulvescens:
SCoR, SW, w DSon
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map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

Data provided by the participants of the  Consortium of California Herbaria.

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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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