Common Name: PINE FAMILY Habit: Shrub, tree, evergreen; monoecious. Stem: young crown conic; twig not grooved, resinous, generally persistent. Leaf: simple, generally alternate, sometimes in bundles or appearing +- 2-ranked, linear or awl-like; base decurrent, woody or not, persistent several years. Pollen Cone: generally < 6 cm, not woody, deciduous. Seed Cone: generally woody; bracts, scales generally persistent; scale not peltate, fused to or free from subtending bract. Seed: 2, on scale base adaxially. Genera In Family: 10 genera, 193 species: generally northern hemisphere; many of great commercial value, supplying > 1/2 of world's timber. eFlora Treatment Author: J. Robert Haller, Nancy J. Vivrette, & James R. Griffin, except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: PINE Stem: young crown conic, mature often rounded or flat; branches +- whorled in young plants; young bark smooth, mature furrowed; bud +- conic, generally resinous. Leaf: generally 2.5--35 cm, generally sessile, in bundles of (1)2--5; bundles 1 in axils of alternate, awl-like bracts, base in a sometimes deciduous, scaly sheath of bracts, generally persistent several years. Seed Cone: often whorled, generally maturing, opening 2nd year, persistent on stem or not; stalk 0 or < 16 cm; bract included, fused to scale at least basally, minute; scale tip reflexed, elongated 3--7 cm or often with a rounded or angled, often prickled knob < 3 cm. Seed: coat hard, woody or not. Chromosomes: 2n=24. Etymology: (Latin: pine) Note:Pinus pinea L., stone pine (leaves 2 per bundle, 10--30 cm; seed cone 8--15 cm, maturing in 3 years) cultivated in Europe for over 6000 years for edible seeds (pine nuts), reportedly naturalized in SnFrB, northern ChI. Unabridged Note: Morphological, genetic study of relationships among Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus ponderosa, and Pinus washoensis indicates that the taxa should be classified as 2 species, Pinus jeffreyi and Pinus ponderosa, and that the latter comprises three varieties: Pinus ponderosa var. pacifica (new taxon), Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa, and Pinus ponderosa var. washoensis (new combination). eFlora Treatment Author: J. Robert Haller & Nancy J. Vivrette Unabridged Reference: Millar & Critchfield 1988 Madroño 35:39--53
Pinus radiata D. Don
NATIVE Stem: trunk < 38 m, < 2.1 m wide, in youth < 2 m growth per year; mature bark black, deep-grooved; mature crown irregular, round-topped. Leaf: (2)3 per bundle, 6--15 cm, dark green; sheath persistent. Seed Cone: recurved, 6--15 cm, asymmetric, light brown, opening slowly 2nd year, persistent < 25 years; stalk < 15 mm; proximal scale tip knobs < 2 cm, rounded, minute-prickled. Seed: < wing. Ecology: Closed-cone-pine forest, oak woodland; Elevation: < 1300 m. Bioregional Distribution: CCo (near Point Año Nuevo; vicinity of Monterey Peninsula; Cambria-San Simeon area; all < 300 m) (naturalized NCo, CCo, SCo, PR (Santa Ana Mtns)); Distribution Outside California: islands off Baja California; naturalized? where escaped or introduced southern Oregon, Europe, Africa, Australia, New Zealand. Note: Leaves generally 2 per bundle on Cedros, Guadalupe islands. Jepson eFlora Author: J. Robert Haller & Nancy J. Vivrette Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Listed on CNPS Rare Plant Inventory Previous taxon: Pinus quadrifolia Next taxon: Pinus sabiniana
Citation for this treatment: J. Robert Haller & Nancy J. Vivrette 2012, Pinus radiata, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=38300, accessed on April 24, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 24, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Pinus radiata:
CCo (near Point Añ o Nuevo vicinity of Monterey Peninsula Cambria-San Simeon area all < 300 m) (naturalized NCo, CCo, SCo, PR (Santa Ana Mtns))
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
MAP LEGEND View all CCH records All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
