Common Name: BELLFLOWER FAMILY Habit: Annual to perennial herb [tree]. Leaf: generally cauline, generally simple, generally alternate, petioled or not; stipules 0. Inflorescence: cyme, panicle, raceme, spike, or flowers 1; terminal or in axils of leaf-like or reduced bracts. Flower: bisexual, cleistogamous or open, radial or bilateral, inverted (pedicel twisted 180°) or not; hypanthium generally present, +- fused to ovary; sepals generally 5; corolla radial to 2-lipped, petals generally fused, tube deeply divided on 1 side or not, lobes generally 5; stamens 5, free or +- fused (anthers, filaments fused into tube or filaments fused above middle); ovary inferior or 1/2 inferior (superior in fruit), chambers 1--3, placentas axile or parietal, ovules many, style generally 1, 2--5-branched. Fruit: generally capsule, open on sides or top by pores or short valves. Seed: many. Genera In Family: +- 90 genera, +- 2500 species: worldwide. Note: Some cultivated for ornament (Campanula, Jasione, Lobelia). Subfamilies sometimes treated as families. Positions of flower parts given after flowering inversion, if any. Parishella moved to Nemacladus. eFlora Treatment Author: Nancy R. Morin, except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Habit: Annual, from taproot. Stem: prostrate, decumbent, or erect; base generally +- brown or +- purple; branches 0 or below middle. Leaf: basal; petiole short or 0. Inflorescence: +- raceme-like; bract 1 per flower, small; pedicel generally thread-like. Flower: inverted or not; sepals linear to triangular; corolla +- radial or 2-lipped, lobes 5; filaments free at base, fused into tube around style distally, appendages attached to a stalk or directly on 2 adjacent filaments, each with 2--12 cells, anthers free, all alike; ovary superior to 1/2 inferior, hemispheric to obconic, nectary glands 3, mounded or donut-like, on free part of ovary, stigma 2-lobed, papillate. Fruit: generally > hypanthium, hemispheric to fusiform, top pointed or rounded, chambers 2; open at top generally by 2 valves (or circumscissile). Seed: elliptic to oblong. Etymology: (Greek: thread-like branch) Note: In descriptions, "filaments" including both free and fused parts thereof. Unabridged Note: Taxonomic changes from TJM (1993) based on ITS, atpB, morphology. Parishella californica nested within Nemacladus, in which it is here treated. Reference: Morin 2008 J Bot Res Inst Texas 2:397--400 Unabridged Reference: McVaugh 1942 N Amer Flora 32A:1--134
Nemacladus twisselmannii J.T. Howell
NATIVE Habit: Plant 0.5--1 cm, cushion-like, branches several from base. Stem: base dull, red-brown. Leaf: 2--3 mm, +- spoon-shaped, entire, hairy, narrowed to wide petiole. Inflorescence: +- head-like; axis obscure; bracts 1--1.5 mm, oblong, flat; pedicels 2--4 mm, 0.2 mm diam, erect, straight. Flower: not inverted; hypanthium 0.5 mm; sepals +- 1 mm, linear, erect; corolla divided 1/2 to base, white, hairy, tube bell-shaped, 2 adaxial lobes erect, 0.5--1.5 mm, 3 abaxial spreading, 0.5--1.5 mm; filaments +- 1.5 mm, tip +- curved, glabrous, cells attached at base of filaments, long-pointed, anthers 0.3 mm; ovary 2/3-inferior in fruit. Fruit: +- 3.5 mm, base rounded, tip +- pointed. Seed: 0.7--0.8 mm, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, with deeply impressed, vertical lines crossed by fine transverse lines. Ecology: Granitic sands, rocks, yellow-pine forest; Elevation: 2240 m. Bioregional Distribution: s SNH (n Kern Co.). Flowering Time: Jul Jepson eFlora Author: Nancy R. Morin Reference: Morin 2008 J Bot Res Inst Texas 2:397--400 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Listed on CNPS Rare Plant Inventory Previous taxon: Nemacladus tenuis var. tenuis Next taxon: Porterella
Botanical illustration including Nemacladus twisselmannii
Citation for this treatment: Nancy R. Morin 2012, Nemacladus twisselmannii, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=34515, accessed on April 18, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 18, 2024.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
MAP LEGEND View all CCH records All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
