Fucus racemosus Forsskål, 1775: 191 (type locality: Suez, Egypt).
Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh, 1873: 35–36.—Piccone, 1901: 121.— Hariot, 1902: 472.— Herdman, 1903: 47.— D. Dixit, 1926: 225 "distinct variety''.— Børgesen, 1935: 29.— Eyre & Stephenson, 1938: 32.— Stephenson, 1939: 533.— P. Anand, 1940: 5, 6, 35, figs. 17B,C.— Børgesen, 1940: 51.— Stephenson, 1944: 306.— Zaneveld, 1950: 110.— Purchon & Enoch, 1954: 58.— Isaac, 1956c: 11.— Zaneveld, 1956: 6.— Papenfuss & Egerod, 1957: 88 (var. racemosa).— Isaac, 1958: 20, fig. 6d.— Pocock, 1958: 24 (var. racemosa).— Varma, 1959: 248 (var. racemosa).— Zaneveld, 1959: 92–93.— K. Srinivasan, 1960b: 457.— T. Rao & V. Rao, 1963: 116, 117, figs. 3, 4, tables 1a,b,d.— Umamaheswara Rao & Sreeramulu, 1964: 600.— Varma & Krishna Rao, 1964: 208.— Salim, 1965: 193, 194, 195.— S. Dixit, 1966: 6.— S. Lee, 1966: 265, 271.— Suru, Talreja, & Vaidya, 1966: 129.— W.R. Taylor, 1966a: 350–351.— Isaac, 1967: 76.— E. Lewis, 1967: 299.— W.R. Taylor, 1967: 49–50.— W. Isaac & F. Isaac, 1968: 21, 27, pl. 5: G.— Suru et al., 1968: 296.— Cabanis, Chabouis, & Chabouis, 1969: 310.— Simons, 1969: 244, fig. (s.n.) (var. racemosa).— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 6.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1970a: 3, fig. 7.— Gopalakrishnan, 1971: tables I–IV.— J. Price, 1971: 162 (var. racemosa).— J. Taylor, 1971: 196.— A. Sarma & Ganapati, 1973: 146, table 1.— K.S. Rao & Sundaram, 1974: 467, 469.— A. Sarma, 1974b: 155, 160, figs. 2, 3.— A. Sarma & Ganapati, 1974: 383, 388, tables I, II.— Jackson, 1976: 18, 20, 32.— A. Sarma, 1977: 745.— Simons, 1977: 14, fig. 12.— Agadi & Untawale, 1978: 64, table 2.— Brown & Jarman, 1978: 1253, 1254, 1256, 1257, 1259.— Chauhan, 1978: table 4.— Chauhan & Mairh, 1978: 33.— M. Joseph, 1978a: 17.— Maiti, Thomson, & Mahendran, 1978: 126.— Murthy, Bhattacharya, & Radia, 1978: 382.— Pichon, 1978: 144, 176, 252, 411.— Titlyanova & Butorin, 1978: 25.— Mahendran & Somasundaram, 1979: 38.— Mahendran, Somasundaram, & Thomson, 1979: 1885.— Naqvi et al., 1979: 456.— Farghaly, 1980: 88.— Lawson, 1980: 5.— R. Qasim, 1980: table 1.— Seagrief, 1980: 21, fig. on pl. 1 (var. racemosa).— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1981b: 11.— Naqvi et al., 1981: table I.— R. Qasim, 1981: tables 1, 2.— Untawale & Agadi, 1981: 199.— Ohno & Mairh, 1982: 4, table 1.— Capon, Ghisalberti, & Jefferies, 1983: 1467.— Gopinathan & Panigrahy, 1983: 49.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [12].— Aleem, 1984: 923, 925.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1984: table 1.— Mshigeni, 1984: table 1.— Oza, 1984: 3.— R. Parekh et al., 1984: 88, table 1.— Untawale & Jagtap, 1984: 100 (table 1).— Usmanghani et al., 1984: 75.— Agadi, 1985: 37.— Jagtap, 1985a: 46.— Jayasree, Solimabi, & Kamat, 1985: table 1.— Mshigeni, 1985: 14.— Phang, 1985: 22, color photo on p. 20.— R. Qasim & Barkati, 1985: table 2.— P. Subba Rao et al., 1985: 32.— Banaimoon, 1986: 128.— Kesava Rao, 1986: table I.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1986: table I.— Nair et al., 1986: 735.— R. Qasim, 1986: tables 1, 2.— G. Rao & Umamaheswara Rao, 1986: 103.— Satyanarayana Rao & Ganapati, 1986: 564, 577.— Usmanghani & Shameel, 1986: tables 1, 3.— Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 167, 168.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 100–101, fig. 2E, pl. I:E.— Jagtap, 1987: table 1.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1987a: table 2.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1987b: 3.— Shameel, 1987a: 513.— Shameel & Afaq Hussain, 1987: 294.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1987a: 20.— Banaimoon, 1988b: 237.— Bandara et al., 1988: 211.— Moorjani & Simpson, 1988: 13, pl. 14.— Qari, 1988: 94.— Qari & Qasim, 1988: 451.— Tewari & H. Joshi, 1988: 393, 395, tables VII, VIII, X, XI.— Walker, Kendrick, & McComb, 1988: 314.— Awasthi, 1989: 78, table 3.— Duraiswamy, 1989: figs. 3i, 10a,g, 11u, table 2.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1989c: 38, table 1.— Mairh, Ramavat, et al., 1989: 3307.— Pant & Untawale, 1989: table 6.— Shameel & Khan, 1989: 343–346, table 1.— Untawale, Reddy, & Ambiye, 1989: table 1.— Untawale, Reddy, & Deshmukhe, 1989: table 1.— Zahid, 1989: 99, table 1.— Duraiswamy, 1990b: 49–51, figs. 6A–H, 9A, table III.— Ghisalberti & Jefferies, 1990: 98, table 2.— Maruthamuthu et al., 1990: 69.— Nair et al., 1990: table 2.— A. Anjaneyulu, Prakash, & Mallavadhani, 1991a: 3041.— A. Anjaneyulu, Prakash, & Mallavadhani, 1991b: 480.— Chatterjee, 1991: 272.— M. Ganesan et al., 1991b: table 1.— Padmini Sreenivasa Rao, 1991: 37, tables 1, 2.— Phang & Wee, 1991: 57.— R. Qasim, 1991: 52 (table 3).— D. Subramanian, 1991: 70.— Subramonia Thangam & Kathiresan, 1991: 84.— Thomas & Subbaramaiah, 1991a: 202, table 2.— A. Anjaneyulu et al., 1992: 496.— Coppejans & Prud'homme van Reine, 1992a: 174 (var. racemosa).— Coppejans & Prud'homme van Reine, 1992b: 698 (ecad racemosa).— Kalimuthu, Kaliaperumal, & Ramalingam, 1992: 121.— Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 23 (table 1).— Maya & Nair, 1992: 32.— Naqvi et al., 1992: 132.— Shameel & J. Tanaka, 1992: 28.— Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 45.— Aliya et al., 1993: 26.— Amjad & Shameel, 1993b: 115.— Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 148.— Jayasankar & Ramalingam, 1993: 42.— V. Kumar, 1993a: 139, 140.— V. Kumar, 1993b: 47.— Sivanand & D. Subramanian, 1993: 30, fig. 23.— D. Subramanian, 1993: 207.— Ballesteros, 1994: 543.— Branch et al., 1994: 310, pl. 147.2.— Ormond & Banaimoon, 1994: 117.— Scheibling, 1994: 143.— Wynne, 1995: 330.
Taxonomic synonyms:
Fucus clavifer Turner, 1807–1808: 126–127, pl. 57 (type locality: Red Sea).
Caulerpa clavifera (Turner) C. Agardh, 1817: XXIII.—Harvey, 1834a: 155.— Harvey, 1857a: no. 62.— J. Agardh, 1873: 36.— Dickie, 1874b: 197.— Bornet, 1885: 17.— G. Murray, 1887: 37.— De Toni, 1889: 476–477.— Prain, 1891: 272, 285, 287.— Prain, 1892: 342, 359.— Barton, 1893: 82.— Heydrich, 1894: 274.— De Wildeman, 1897a: 25.— Svedelius, 1906b: 193, 198.— Iyengar, 1927: 187.— Arwidsson, 1930: 269.— Ernst, 1931: 462.— Jadin, 1935: 156.— Chacko, Mahadevan, & R. Ganesan, 1955: 11.— T. Rao & V. Rao, 1963: 116.— S. Dixit, 1970: 109.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 5.— M. Joseph, 1978a: 17.— Mahendran et al., 1980: table 1 (`claverta').— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [11].— Nair et al., 1986: 735.— Duraiswamy, 1989: figs. 4g, 6a, 8d, 11q, table 2.— Duraiswamy, 1990b: 36–39, figs. 3, 9C,E, table III.— D. Subramanian, 1991: 70.— D. Subramanian, 1993: 207.
Chauvinia clavifera (Turner) Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1829 [1826–1829]: 207.—G. Martens, 1868: 24, 64–65.
Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh var. clavifera (Turner) Weber-van Bosse, 1898: 361–362, pl. XXXIII: figs. 1–3 (including "forma typica'').—Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 104.— Børgesen, 1932a: 59.— S. Dixit, 1933: 35.— Levring, 1938: 14.— P. Dangeard, 1941: 41.— Gilbert, 1942: 18–19.— Stephenson, 1944: 349.— Børgesen, 1946: 39.— Stephenson, 1947: 295.— Børgesen, 1948: 32.— Børgesen, 1949a: 14.— Zaneveld, 1950: 110.— Børgesen, 1952: 11.— Børgesen, 1953: 8.— Zaneveld, 1956: 6–7.— Zaneveld, 1959: 93, fig. 1.— Gerloff, 1960: 620.— T. Rao & V. Rao, 1963: table I.— W.R. Taylor, 1966a: 351.— Isaac, 1967: 76.— W.R. Taylor, 1967: 50.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 39.— J. Price, 1971: 162.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1972: 221.— K. Srinivasan, 1973: 42.— Islam, 1976: 19, pl. 5: figs. 40, 41; pl. 11: figs. 89, 90.— Maiti & Thomson, 1977: 159.— Sartoni, 1978: 406, fig. 4C.— Lawson, 1980: 5.— Teo & Wee, 1983: 63, fig. 62.— Payri, 1985: 640.— Jagtap, 1987: table 1.— Coppejans & Beeckman, 1989: 384, pl. 1: fig. 4.— Huisman et al., 1990: 90.— Kendrick, Huisman, & Walker, 1990: 49.— Phang & Wee, 1991: 57.— Jagtap, 1992: 57.— Jagtap, 1993: table I.
* Caulerpa obtusa Lamouroux, 1809b: 332 (type locality: "Ind. Orient.?'').—Lamouroux, 1809d: 143–144.
Fucus uvifer Turner, 1811–1819: 81–82, pl. 230, nom. illeg. (type locality: Red Sea).
Caulerpa uvifera C. Agardh, 1817: XXIII.—Svedelius, 1906a: 122–124, figs. 15–17.— Ernst, 1931: 462.— Levring, 1943: 176.— Chacko, Mahadevan, & R. Ganesan, 1955: 11.— Durairatnam, 1961a: 27.— S. Dixit, 1970: 108.— Duraiswamy, 1989: figs. 3b, 4n, 7b, 8f, 11y, table 2.— Duraiswamy, 1990b: 59–60, 64, figs. 8, 10, table III.— Sivanand & D. Subramanian, 1993: 30, figs. 15–22, 26.
Caulerpa clavifera (Turner) C. Agardh var. uvifera (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, 1823 [1822–1823]: 438.—Piccone, 1884a: 294.
Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh var. uvifera (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1873: 35.—S. Dixit, 1933: 35, pl. 8.— Iyengar, 1933: 325.— Iyengar, 1940: 191–194, figs. 1–9.— Zaneveld, 1950: 110–111.— Børgesen, 1951: 10.— Zaneveld, 1956: 7.— Isaac, 1957b: 81, fig. 2.— Zaneveld, 1959: 93–94, fig. 3.— Gerloff, 1960: 620.— Kappanna, Sitakara Rao, & Syama Sundar, 1962: 381.— Isaac, 1967: 76.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 6.— Subbaramaiah, 1971b: 21.— Islam, 1974b: 85.— Subbaramaiah, 1974: 59.— M. Dave & Parekh, 1975: 42.— Islam, 1976: 20–21, pl. 5: figs. 42–48; pl. 12: figs. 91–92.— R. Parekh, Maru, & Dave, 1977: 360.— Gogate, Shah, & Unni, 1978: table 1.— Lawson, 1980: 6.— R. Parekh & Chauhan, 1987: table 1.— Chaugule, Quadri, & Goswamy, 1989: 109, figs. 15, 16.— Huisman et al., 1990: 90.— Kendrick, Huisman, & Walker, 1990: 49.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Aldabra Islands, Andaman Islands, Australia, Bangladesh, Burma (Coco Group and Diamond Island), Djibouti, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Laccadive Islands, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nicobar Islands, Pakistan, Réunion, Seychelles (including Mahé Island), Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Yemen.
Note: The synonymy was proposed by Papenfuss & Egerod (1957: 88). Fucus uvifer Turner, the intended basionym of Caulerpa uvifera, is not priorable since it is a later homonym of F. uvifer Forsskål (1775: 192; type locality: Istanbul, Turkey) (Laurencia uvifera (Forsskål) Børgesen, 1932c: 12), a name applicable to a species not reported from the Indian Ocean. Caulerpa uvifera C. Agardh is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Art. 58.3.