Bryopsis pachynema G. Martens, 1868: 24, 62–63, pl. IV: fig. 2 (syntype localities: Benkulen [Bengkulu] and Pulau Tikus, near Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia).—G. Martens, 1869a: 235.— G. Martens, 1871b: 465.— Theobald, 1883: 28.— G. Murray, 1887: 39.— De Toni, 1889: 438.— De Wildeman, 1897a: 24.— Svedelius, 1906b: 193.— K. Srinivasan, 1961a: 229.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 5.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [11].
Valonia pachynema (G. Martens) Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 61.
Valoniopsis pachynema (G. Martens) Børgesen, 1934b: 10–16, figs. 1, 2 (including Indian Ocean record).—Børgesen, 1936: 63.— P. Anand, 1940: 44.— S. Dixit, 1940a: 86–87.— S. Dixit, 1941: 127.— Biswas, 1949b: 31.— Børgesen, 1949a: 5.— Børgesen, 1951: 5–6.— Chacko, Mahadevan, & R. Ganesan, 1955: 11.— Isaac, 1957b: 85–86, figs. 6, 7, pl. XXVIIIa.— Papenfuss & Egerod, 1957: 84–85.— Isaac & Chamberlain, 1958: 139.— Pocock, 1958: 24.— Kalk, 1959: 4.— Durairatnam, 1961a: 30, pl. V: figs. 1, 2.— E. Lewis, 1963c: 15, 16, 17, tables I–III.— Salim, 1965: 195.— S. Dixit, 1966: 4.— W.R. Taylor, 1966a: 347–348.— Isaac, 1967: 77.— E. Lewis, 1967: 300, 303.— W. Isaac & F. Isaac, 1968: 27.— Lawson, 1969: 336.— Nizamuddin, 1969: 240–244, figs. 1–9, pl. I.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 38.— S. Dixit, 1970: 107.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 9.— Rhyne, 1971: 54.— Saifullah, 1973: 142.— K. Srinivasan, 1973: 36, pl. XXXVI.— Egerod, 1974: 140, fig. 29.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1974a: 302.— Egerod, 1975: 46.— Sartoni, 1975: 284.— Velasquez & Lewmanomont, 1975: 5.— Jaasund, 1976: 13, fig. 26.— Sartoni, 1976: 120.— Sivalingam et al., 1976: 10.— Anonymous, 1977: 59.— Hackett, 1977: 27.— Jaasund, 1977d: 511.— Sivalingam, 1977b: 206.— Subbaramaiah et al., 1977: 59.— Chauhan & Mairh, 1978: 34.— Sivalingam, 1978a: 329.— Sivalingam, 1978c: 162, fig. 1.— Farghaly, 1980: 70.— Lawson, 1980: 18.— Mahendran et al., 1980: table 1.— Moorjani, 1980b: 463, 466.— Seagrief, 1980: 22, fig. on pl. 4.— Sivalingam, 1980b: table 1.— Crane, 1981: 153, fig. 14.— Ohno & Mairh, 1982: table 1.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [15].— Chowdary & Singh, 1984b: 178–181, figs. 1–5a.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1984: table 1.— Mageswaran & Sivasubramaniam, 1984a: 175.— Usmanghani et al., 1984: 75.— Balasundaram, 1985: 180 ff.— Payri, 1985: 640.— R. Qasim & Barkati, 1985: table 2.— Kesava Rao, 1986: table I.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1986: 131, table I.— Nair et al., 1986: 736.— Nizamuddin & Perveen, 1986: 133.— Usmanghani & Shameel, 1986: table 1.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 102–103.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1987a: table 2.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1987b: 3.— Sartoni & Salghetti, 1987: 145.— Shameel, 1987a: 512.— Shameel & Afaq Hussain, 1987: 293.— Bandara et al., 1988: 212.— Sobha, Devi, & Nair, 1988: 35.— Tewari & H. Joshi, 1988: 395, tables VIII, XI.— Chaugule, Quadri, & Goswamy, 1989: 113, figs. 51–53.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1989c: 38, table 1.— Sivalingam, 1989a: 1–3, tables 1, 2.— Sivalingam, 1989b: 4–5, table 1.— Untawale, Reddy, & Ambiye, 1989: table 1.— Farooqi et al., 1990: 2061.— Jayasankar, Ramalingam, & Kaliaperumal, 1990: table 1.— V. Krishnamurthy & Balasundaram, 1990: 7, 8, fig. 5.— V. Krishnamurthy et al., 1990: figs. 4, 6.— Nair et al., 1990: table 2.— Kamat et al., 1991: 54.— Phang & Wee, 1991: 57.— D. Rao et al., 1991: tables 1, 2.— Bhakuni et al., 1992: 516.— Jagtap, 1992: 57.— Kalimuthu, Kaliaperumal, & Ramalingam, 1992: 122.— Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 25 (table 1).— Naqvi et al., 1992: 132.— Raghukumar, Nagarkar, & Raghukumar, 1992: fig. 1, table 1.— Sartoni, 1992: 323, 14D.— Shameel & J. Tanaka, 1992: 24–25.— Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 45.— Aliya et al., 1994: 15.— Critchley et al., 1994: 262.— Ormond & Banaimoon, 1994: 116.
Taxonomic synonym:
* Valonia confervoides Harvey ex J. Agardh, 1887: 100–101 (syntype localities: Sri Lanka; Tonga).—De Toni, 1889: 378.— Prain, 1892: 342, 359.— Hariot, 1902: 470.— Barton, 1903a: 476.— A. Gepp & E. Gepp, 1908: 169.— A. Gepp & E. Gepp, 1909: 379.— De Toni, 1923: 483.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 9.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [15].
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Burma (Coco Group), Chagos Archipelago, Diego Garcia Atoll, India, Indonesia (Sunda Strait and Sumatra), Kenya, Laccadive Islands, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nicobar Islands, Pakistan, Réunion, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Yemen.
Note: The synonymy was proposed by Weber-van Bosse (1913a: 61). This species was distributed by Harvey (1857a: no. 73) in his Ceylon exsiccata under the name Valonia confervoides, without a description. This record was cited by Grunow (1867: 35) and G. Murray (1887: 40).