Fucus swartzii Turner, 1811–1819: 120–121, pl. 248, nom. illeg. (type locality: unknown).
Sargassum swartzii C. Agardh, 1820a: 11 (including Indian Ocean record).—C. Agardh, 1824: 296.— Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1834: 161–162.— J. Agardh, 1848b: 328–329.— Kützing, 1849: 612.— Kützing, 1861: 6, pl. 18: figs. IIc–e.— Grunow, 1867: 56–57.— G. Martens, 1868: 27, 74–75.— J. Agardh, 1889: 85–86, pl. XXVI: figs. 1–6.— De Toni, 1895b: 44–45.— Reinbold in Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 157.— Grunow, 1915 [1915–1916]: 381.— Børgesen, 1939b: 99–100.— Biswas & Sharma, 1950: 87–88, pl. 2: fig. 3.— Newton, 1955b: 142.— Durairatnam, 1956a: 4.— Durairatnam, 1961a: 44, pl. IX: figs. 2–10.— Durairatnam, 1961b: 2.— Chauhan & Thivy, 1964: 19–20, pl. 2: figs. 1–8.— Thivy, 1964: 27.— K. Srinivasan, 1965: 243.— Chauhan & V. Krishnamurthy, 1966: 11.— Misra, 1966b: 176–177.— Suru, Talreja, & Vaidya, 1966: 129.— Thivy, 1966: 26, 27, 28.— Chauhan & V. Krishnamurthy, 1967: 197–201, figs. 1–5.— H. Dave, Baxi, & Datar, 1967: 62.— V. Krishnamurthy, 1967c: 329, 330.— Misra, 1967: 233.— H. Shah, Mody, & A. Rao, 1967b: 270.— K. Srinivasan, 1967: 147, fig. 66.— Subbaramaiah & V. Krishnamurthy, 1967: 324.— H. Burkill, Greenwood-Barton, & Crowther, 1968: 433, tables III–V.— S. Dixit, 1968: 18.— Easwaram & Michael, 1968: 23.— Suru et al., 1968: 295–296.— H. Shah & A. Rao, 1969a: 118.— H. Shah & A. Rao, 1969b: 413.— H. Shah & A. Rao, 1969c: 261, fig. 1.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969c: 716.— Chauhan, 1970: 57–58, tables 1–3.— H. Dave, Sitakara Rao, & Tipnis, 1970: 69.— Dhandhukia & Seshadri, 1970: 110.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 15.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1970a: 4.— Gopalakrishnan, 1971: table II.— Isaac, 1971: 12.— Mody, A. Rao, & Datar, 1971a: 31, tables 1, 2.— Mody, A. Rao, & Datar, 1971b: table 1.— Chauhan, 1972: 49–51, tables 1–4, pl. I.— Chauhan & V. Krishnamurthy, 1972: 1–11, figs. 1–16, tables 1, 2.— H. Dave et al., 1973: table 1.— Sreenivasa Rao, 1973: 161, 163, fig. 2A.— K. Srinivasan, 1973: 27, pl. XXVII.— B. Mehta & Baxi, 1976: 238–239, tables 1, 2.— Dhandhukia, Sanghavi, & Seshadri, 1977: table 1.— Chauhan, 1978: 2, 4, table 4.— Chauhan & Mairh, 1978: 34.— B. Mehta & Parekh, 1978: 251.— Murthy, Bhattacharya, & Radia, 1978: 382.— Murthy & Radia, 1978: 417, 418, figs. 1–4, 7.— Chauhan & H. Joshi, 1979: 23.— Lawson, 1980: 28.— Maru, Parekh, & E. Lewis, 1980: table 1.— Nair & Thampy, 1980: 279.— R. Parekh, Dave, & E. Lewis, 1980: table 1.— Sreenivasa Rao & Parekh, 1981: 578.— H. Joshi, Chauhan, & P. Rao, 1982a: 21–23, fig. 1.— H. Joshi, Chauhan, & P. Rao, 1982b: 338, fig. 1, table 1.— R. Parekh et al., 1982: table 1.— Tewari, 1982: 264–265, 1 fig.— Thivy, 1982: 55.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [23].— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1984: table 1.— R. Parekh et al., 1984: table 1.— Chauhan & H. Joshi, 1985: 105–108.— M. Dave & Chauhan, 1985: table 1.— Kesava Rao, 1986: table I.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1986: table I.— H. Parekh et al., 1986: 111–113, tables 1–3.— Ramavat et al., 1986: 46, tables 1–3.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 104–105.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1987a: table 2.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1987b: 4.— R. Parekh & Chauhan, 1987: table 1.— Shameel & Afaq Hussain, 1987: 296.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1987a: 22.— M. Begum & Khatoon, 1988: 302.— Moorjani & Simpson, 1988: 20, pl. 38e.— Padmini Sreenivasa Rao, Sreenivasa Rao, & Karmarkar, 1988a: 295.— Awasthi, 1989: 78, table 2.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1989c: table 1.— Padmini Sreenivasa Rao, 1989a: 23, table 1.— Pant & Untawale, 1989: table 5.— Shameel, Afaq-Husain, & Shahid-Husain, 1989: 179.— Pandya, Bapodra, & Parekh, 1990: 557.— Ramalakshmi & Chauhan, 1990: 66, fig. 1, tables 1–3.— Padmini Sreenivasa Rao, Sreenivasa Rao, & Karmarkar, 1991: 15, table 1.— Basson, 1992: 222.— Shameel & J. Tanaka, 1992: 42.
Taxonomic synonym:
* Sargassum acutifolium Greville, 1849 [1848–1849]: 256–257, pl. X: lower right figs. 1–6 (type locality: India).—Greville, 1850: 98–99, pl. XI: lower right figs. 1–6.— Grunow, 1915 [1915–1916]: 381–382.— Børgesen, 1939b: 100–101.— Newton, 1955b: 142.— K. Srinivasan, 1965: 242.— K. Srinivasan, 1967: 133, fig. 26.— S. Dixit, 1970: 115.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 13.— Basson, 1992: 221.
Misapplied name:
Sargassum acinaria.—Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1834: 162–163.— J. Agardh, 1848b: 332–333.— G. Martens, 1868: 74–75.— De Toni & Levi, 1888: 125.— J. Agardh, 1889: 114–115.— De Toni, 1895b: 91–92.— Grunow, 1916 [1915–1916]: 153.— K. Srinivasan, 1965: 242.— K. Srinivasan, 1967: 133.— S. Dixit, 1968: 18.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 13.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [22].
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Bahrain, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Nicobar Islands, Pakistan, Persian Gulf, Sri Lanka.
Note: Fucus swartzii Turner, the intended basionym of Sargassum swartzii, is not priorable since it is a later homonym of F. swartzii C. Agardh (1815a: 105; type locality: Japan). Sargassum swartzii C. Agardh is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Art. 58.3. The earlier homonym was referred by Yoshida (1983: 142–143, 148) to Sargassum thunbergii (Mertens ex Roth) Kuntze (1880: 215, 228) (Fucus thunbergii Mertens ex Roth, 1806: 104–105, pl. III; syntype localities: China; Japan) without infraspecific recognition in contrast to earlier authors who recognized var. swartzii (Kützing, 1849: 635) and forma swartzii (Okamura, 1923 [1923–1928]: 8).Sargassum acinaria C. Agardh (1820a: 22, nom. illeg.) is based on Turner's interpretation (Turner, 1807–1808: 109–111, pl. 49) of Fucus acinarius Linnaeus (1753: 1160; syntype localities: "Italia & Oceano australiori''). According to Setchell (1933b: 210–212), this interpretation includes plants that are referable to Fucus swartzii Turner. The lectotypification of F. acinarius with the Adriatic element of the protologue, as by Setchell (op.cit.: 208–210), who used the correct binomial Sargassum acinarium (Linnaeus) Setchell (q.v.), results in all Indo-Pacific records being considered misidentifications. Further details are given in the appended Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes.