Fucus articulatus Forsskål, 1775: 191, nom. illeg. (type locality: Suez, Egypt).
Cystoseira articulata J. Agardh, 1848b: 216.—G. Murray, 1887: 34.
Hormosira articulata (J. Agardh) Zanardini, 1858: 243.—Bornet, 1888: 18.— Lawson, 1980: 24.
Fucus cuneiformis J. Gmelin, 1792: 1389.
Hormophysa cuneiformis (J. Gmelin) P. Silva in P. Silva, Meñez, & Moe, 1987: 81, 131.—Shameel & Afaq Hussain, 1987: 295.— M. Begum & Khatoon, 1988: 303.— Basson, Mohamed, & Arora, 1989: 32.— Shameel, Afaq-Husain, & Shahid-Husain, 1989: 179.— Huisman et al., 1990: 93.— Huisman & Walker, 1990: 382–383.— Kendrick, Huisman, & Walker, 1990: 50, 53.— Abbas, Basson, & Gamal El-Din, 1992: 63.— Basson, 1992: 221.— Basson & Abbas, 1992: 60.— Coppejans & Prud'homme van Reine, 1992a: 180.— Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 22 (table 1).— Shameel & J. Tanaka, 1992: 41.
Taxonomic synonyms:
* Fucus triqueter Linnaeus, 1771: 312, nom. illeg. (type locality: "in Mari Capensi'' [probably India fide Papenfuss, 1943a: 84; 1968a: 42, footnote]).—Turner, 1807–1808: 72, pl. 34.
Cystoseira triquetra C. Agardh, 1820a: 61.—C. Agardh, 1824: 284.— Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 [1826–1829]: 132.— J. Agardh, 1848b: 215.— G. Murray, 1887: 34.— De Toni, 1895b: 176.— Durairatnam, 1961a: 39.— S. Dixit, 1970: 114.— Durairatnam & Ragunathamuthaliar, 1976: 656, table 1.— Mahendran et al., 1980: table 1.— Teo & Wee, 1983: 72, fig. 71.— Bandara et al., 1988: 213.— Phang & Wee, 1991: 61.
Moniliformia triquetra (C. Agardh) Decaisne, 1841: 145–146.
Hormosira triquetra (C. Agardh) Decaisne, 1842a: 331.—Iyengar, 1927: 187.
Hormophysa triquetra (C. Agardh) Kützing, 1843b: 359.—Kützing, 1849: 603–604.— Piccone, 1901: 122.— Børgesen, 1937b: 317–318.— Børgesen, 1939b: 96.— V. May, 1951: 84.— Chacko, Mahadevan, & R. Ganesan, 1955: 12.— Newton, 1955b: 142.— Valsan, 1955: 344.— Isaac, 1956a: 181–182, pl. XLII.— Gerloff, 1957: 763.— Isaac, 1957b: 91.— Isaac, 1958: 18, 20.— Pocock, 1958: 25.— Isaac, 1959: 182.— Kalk, 1959: 4.— K. Srinivasan, 1960c: 459.— Varma, 1961: 224.— S. Dixit, 1966: 10.— Misra, 1966b: 167–168, fig. 89.— W.R. Taylor, 1966a: 357.— Isaac, 1967: 78.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1967: 126.— Womersley, 1967: 255–256.— W. Isaac & F. Isaac, 1968: 21.— Papenfuss, 1968a: 42–47, 5 figs.— K. Srinivasan, 1969: 37, pl. XXXVII.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 42.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 13.— Mairh & V. Krishnamurthy, 1970: 38–41, figs. 1–47.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1970a: 4, fig. 20.— Gopalakrishnan, 1971: table II.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1972: 221.— Gopalakrishnan, 1974a: 6, fig. 1a.— Sartoni, 1975: 290.— Jaasund, 1976: 53, fig. 109.— Sartoni, 1976: 128.— Basson et al., 1977: 72, 225, 236, fig. 76.— Bhanderi & Trivedi, 1977: 183–185, fig. 1, pl. 1.— Jaasund, 1977d: 518.— Allender & G.G. Smith, 1978: 61–64, figs. 1–3.— Brown & Jarman, 1978: 1254.— Chauhan & Mairh, 1978: 34.— M. Joseph, 1978a: 17.— Basson, 1979: 59, pl. V: fig. 27.— Mairh, 1979a: 13.— Mairh, 1979b: 49.— Lawson, 1980: 24.— Mairh, 1980b: 784–785, fig. 1G, pl. IV.— Moorjani, 1980b: 461.— Nair & Thampy, 1980: 279.— Seagrief, 1980: 24, fig. on pl. 6.— Allender, 1981: 19, 22.— Mshigeni, 1982: table 8.— Gopinathan & Panigrahy, 1983: 50.— Mairh, 1983: 31–45, pl. I: figs. 1–11 (in part).— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [22].— Mageswaran & Sivasubramaniam, 1984a: 175.— Mageswaran & Sivasubramaniam, 1984b: tables 1–3, 5.— Subbaramaiah, 1985: 140.— D. Jones, 1986: 32.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 104–105, fig. 6B.— Shameel, 1987a: 513.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1987a: 21.— Womersley, 1987: 356.— Kaliaperumal, Kalimuthu, & Ramalingam, 1988: 17–20, fig. 2.— Kendrick, Walker, & McComb, 1988: table 1.— Moorjani & Simpson, 1988: 19, pl. 34.— Al-Hasan & W. Jones, 1989: 298, pl. 5: fig. 42.— Pant & Untawale, 1989: table 5.— Yarish & Wamukoya, 1990: 343, table 2.— Kureishy, 1991: table 1.— D. Rao et al., 1991: tables 1, 2.— Kalimuthu, Kaliaperumal, & Ramalingam, 1992: 122.— Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 44.— Jayasankar & Ramalingam, 1993: 42.— Kaliaperumal & Kalimuthu, 1993: 9, 11.— Rama Rao et al., 1993: 106.— Al Easa, Kornprobst, & Rizk, 1995: 374.
Gongolaria triquetra (C. Agardh) Kuntze, 1891: 895.
* Fucus nodularius Mertens, 1819: 189, pl. 15 (type locality: "Novae Hollandiae'' [Western Australia fide Womersley, 1967: 256]).
Cystoseira nodularia (Mertens) C. Agardh, 1820a: 60.—C. Agardh, 1824: 284.
Moniliformia nodularia (Mertens) Decaisne, 1841: 146.
Hormosira nodularia (Mertens) Decaisne, 1842a: 331.—Sonder, 1846 [1846–1848]: 158–159.— J. Agardh, 1848b: 199–200.— Kützing, 1860: 2–3, pl. 5.— Sonder, 1880: 5.— De Toni, 1895b: 188.— Lucas, 1909: 14.
* Cystoseira prolifera J. Agardh, 1848b: 215 (type locality: Western Australia).—Harvey, 1855b: 534.— De Toni, 1895b: 176.— Lucas, 1909: 13.— Schröder, 1912: 297.— Dawson, 1959b: 9.— Chuang, 1961: 44, pl. 5: 3.— Johnson, 1967a: 134–140, figs. 1, 2, tables I, II.— Johnson, 1967b: 27, fig. 3.— H. Burkill, Greenwood-Barton, & Crowther, 1968: 439, table V.— Chuang, 1973: 158.— Teo & Wee, 1983: 72, fig. 72.— Wee & Wah, 1990: 481.— Phang & Wee, 1991: 61.
Gongolaria prolifera (J. Agardh) Kuntze, 1891: 895.
Hormophysa latifrons Kützing, 1860: 22, pl. 60: fig. II (type locality: "in mari chinensi australi'').—G. Martens, 1868: 26, 70–71.
Cystoseira latifrons (Kützing) De Toni, 1895b: 176–177.—De Wildeman, 1897a: 161.
Hormophysa articulata Kützing, 1860: 22–23, pl. 61: fig. I (type locality: "In mari chinensi'').—G. Martens, 1868: 26, 70–71.— Gerloff, 1957: 763.— Isaac, 1967: 78.— Lawson, 1980: 24.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Australia, Bahrain, Djibouti, India, Indonesia (Sumba and Timor), Kenya, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mozambique, Nicobar Islands, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania.
Note: The conspecificity of Cystoseira prolifera and Hormophysa latifrons was proposed by Zanardini (1872: 130–131). Setchell (1935a: 264) added H. articulata and H. triquetra to the synonymy, while Womersley (1967: 255–256) added Fucus nodularius. The tortuous nomenclature was discussed by P. Silva (in P. Silva, Meñez, & Moe, 1987: 130).