Zonaria gymnospora Kützing, 1859: 29, pl. 71: fig. II (type locality: St. Thomas, Virgin Islands).—G. Martens, 1868: 26, 82–83.
Padina gymnospora (Kützing) Sonder, 1871: 47.—Børgesen, 1930b: 170–171.— Børgesen, 1937b: 315.— Børgesen, 1941: 49.— Børgesen, 1948: 47–48.— Chacko, Mahadevan, & R. Ganesan, 1955: 11.— Newton, 1955a: 100.— Lind, 1956: 26.— Thivy, 1959: 69–75, figs. 1–16.— Varma, 1959: 249.— Varma, 1961: 224.— E. Lewis, 1962a: 90, tables I–III.— Sitakara Rao & Tipnis, 1964: 17.— S. Dixit, 1966: 8.— Misra, 1966b: 156–157, fig. 83.— Isaac, 1967: 78.— Misra, 1967: 233.— Sitakara Rao & Tipnis, 1967: 279, 281, 282, 285–286.— W. Isaac & F. Isaac, 1968: 23.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 41.— H. Dave, Sitakara Rao, & Tipnis, 1970: 69.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 11.— Nizamuddin & Gessner, 1970: 6.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1970a: 4, fig. 14.— Gopalakrishnan, 1971: table I.— Chauhan & V. Krishnamurthy, 1972: 2.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1972: 221.— Islam, 1974b: 86.— Lind & Morrison, 1974: 130.— Sartoni, 1975: 289–290, figs. 9, 11.— Islam, 1976: 40, pl. 43: fig. 255.— Jaasund, 1976: 45, fig. 89.— Sartoni, 1976: 126, figs. 10, 11.— Anonymous, 1977: 58.— Basson et al., 1977: 72, 225, 236, fig. 50.— Chennubhotla et al., 1977: 91–93.— Jaasund, 1977d: 516.— Mshigeni & Mkwizu, 1977: 47.— Subbaramaiah et al., 1977: 58.— Chauhan, 1978: table 4.— Chauhan & Mairh, 1978: 34.— M. Joseph, 1978a: 17.— M. Joseph, 1978b: 39.— Mshigeni & Mkwizu, 1978: 331–336, figs. 1–9.— Pichon, 1978: 162, 176, 251, 252, 418.— Basson, 1979: 55, pl. IV: fig. 21.— Knutzen & Jaasund, 1979: 4.— Sreenivasa Rao, Parekh, & Parekh, 1979: 47.— Chelazzi & Vannini, 1980: 582.— Lawson, 1980: 25.— Maru, Parekh, & E. Lewis, 1980: table 1.— Sreenivasa Rao & Parekh, 1981: 577, 578, 579, tables II, V.— Ohno & Mairh, 1982: 7, tables 1, 5.— Panigrahy, 1982: 7.— R. Parekh et al., 1982: table 1.— Sreenivasa Rao et al., 1982: table 1.— Sreenivasa Rao & Shelat, 1982: 93, table 1.— Gopinathan & Panigrahy, 1983: 50.— K. Parekh et al., 1983: 23, 24, tables 1–3.— Teo & Wee, 1983: 69, fig. 68.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [21].— R. Parekh et al., 1984: table 1.— K. Parekh, H. Parekh, & P. Rao, 1984a: 45–46, table 1.— K. Parekh, H. Parekh, & P. Rao, 1984b: 216, 218, 219.— Balasundaram, 1985: 180 ff.— M. Dave & Chauhan, 1985: table 1.— W. Jones & Al Hasan, 1985: 187.— Mshigeni, 1985: 16.— Payri, 1985: 640.— Shunula, 1985: 66, 67, 68, table 1.— A. Subramanian & Pragatheeswaran, 1985: table 2.— Banaimoon, 1986: 129, fig. 12.— D. Jones, 1986: 30, pl. 6.— Padmakumar & Ayyakkannu, 1986: 188.— Ramavat et al., 1986: 46, tables 1–3.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 102–103, fig. 4C.— R. Parekh & Chauhan, 1987: table 1.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1987a: 23.— Womersley, 1987: 217, figs. 73C, 75A–C.— Tewari & H. Joshi, 1988: 393, 394, tables VI, IX.— Basson, Mohamed, & Arora, 1989: 31.— Untawale & Jagtap, 1989: table I.— Untawale, Reddy, & Deshmukhe, 1989: table 1.— Huisman & Walker, 1990: 377.— Kaliaperumal, Kalimuthu, & Ramalingam, 1990: table 2.— V. Krishnamurthy & Balasundaram, 1990: fig. 5.— M. Ganesan et al., 1991b: table 2.— Kamat et al., 1991: 55.— Kesava Rao et al., 1991: table 1.— Kesava Rao & Untawale, 1991: 100.— Phang & Wee, 1991: 60.— D. Rao et al., 1991: tables 1, 2.— Abbas, Basson, & Gamal El-Din, 1992: 63.— Basson & Abbas, 1992: 60.— Jagtap, 1992: 57.— Kamat et al., 1992: table I.— Premnathan et al., 1992: table I.— Jagtap, 1993: table I.— Menon et al., 1993: 59.— Ballesteros, 1994: 540.— Ormond & Banaimoon, 1994: 117.— Al Easa, Kornprobst, & Rizk, 1995: 374.
Taxonomic synonym:
Padina vickersiae Hoyt in Howe, 1920: 595 (type locality: Beaufort, North Carolina, U.S.A.).—Islam, 1974b: 86.— Islam, 1976: 41–42, pl. 45: fig. 261.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia (Sumatra and Timor), Kenya, Kuwait, Madagascar, Mauritius, Nicobar Islands, Qatar, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Somalia, Tanzania, Yemen.
Note: Allender & Kraft (1983: 87–89), after confirming that in the type specimen of Padina gymnospora (in MEL) the mid-frond is four cells thick and the base six to eight cells thick, described the well-known tristromatic species erroneously associated with that name as a new species, P. boergesenii. They suggested that many records of P. gymnospora from the Indo-Pacific, including those from India, may be referable to their new species. According to Womersley (1987: 217), Western Australian material of P. gymnospora was treated as a new species, P. occidentalis, by Koh in an unpublished master's thesis. Padina vickersiae is included as a synonym of P. gymnospora on the authority of Allender & Kraft (l.c.).