Fucus filamentosus Wulfen, 1803: 64 (type locality: Adriatic Sea).
Ceramium filamentosum (Wulfen) C. Agardh, 1828: 141.—Drège, 1843: 157.
Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey in W. Hooker, 1833: 337.—Krauss, 1846: 212.— J. Agardh, 1851 [1851–1863]: 340–341.— Harvey, 1855b: 557.— Harvey, 1863: xlii.— Dickie, 1874b: 196.— Sonder, 1879: 84.— Sonder, 1880: 16.— Askenasy, 1888: 40.— Barton, 1893: 141.— Schmitz, 1895a: 140.— Schmitz, 1895b: 28.— De Toni, 1903: 1427–1429.— Reinbold, 1907: 575.— Weber-van Bosse, 1913b: 136.— Weber-van Bosse, 1914: 300.— Delf & Michell, 1921: 116.— Weber-van Bosse, 1923: 320.— Weber-van Bosse, 1926: 124.— Børgesen, 1931: 14–15.— Børgesen, 1935: 57.— Børgesen, 1937a: 49.— Børgesen, 1939b: 117.— S. Dixit, 1940a: 98.— S. Dixit, 1941: 127.— Børgesen, 1945: 11.— Børgesen, 1952: 52.— Thivy, 1952: 174.— Børgesen, 1953: 52.— V. Krishnamurthy, 1954: 174, figs. 11, 13–15, pl. 1: fig. 4.— Chacko, Mahadevan, & R. Ganesan, 1955: 12.— Newton, 1955b: 143.— Pocock, 1958: 27.— Durairatnam, 1961a: 67.— Varma, 1961: 224, 225.— S. Dixit, 1966: 18.— Sigee, 1966: 74.— Tsuda & Newhouse, 1966: 100.— Isaac, 1967: 81.— V. Krishnamurthy, 1969a: 42–49, figs. 1–20.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 47.— Gopalakrishnan, 1970: 66.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 24.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1970a: 5, fig. 34.— Rhyne, 1971: 62.— S. Qasim, Bhattathiri, & Reddy, 1972: 218.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1972: 221.— Day, 1974: 85.— V. Krishnamurthy & Subbaramaiah, 1974: 265.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1974a: 302.— Sartoni, 1975: 298.— Womersley & Cartledge, 1975: 222–223, 225, 227, figs. 1, 3A,B.— Jaasund, 1976: 111, figs. 224A,B.— Sartoni, 1976: 135.— Basson et al., 1977: 236, fig. 49.— Hackett, 1977: 22.— Jaasund, 1977b: 407.— Basson, 1979: 75, pl. XIV: figs. 78–80.— Knutzen & Jaasund, 1979: 3.— Farghaly, 1980: 164.— Lawson, 1980: 61.— Allender, 1981: 19, 20, 22.— Day, 1981: 96.— Thivy, 1982: 56.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [35].— McCain, 1984: 98.— Jagtap, 1985a: 47.— Mshigeni, 1985: 19.— B. Subramanian, 1985a: 72, 78.— D. Jones, 1986: 34, pl. 10.— Stegenga, 1986: 66–68, pl. 20: figs. 1, 2.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 108–109.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1987a: 25.— Kendrick, Walker, & McComb, 1988: 204, table 1.— Al-Hasan & W. Jones, 1989: 303–304, pl. 8: fig. 72.— Basson, Mohamed, & Arora, 1989: 36, 38, fig. 19.— Heiba, 1989: table 1.— Bolton & Stegenga, 1990: 238.— Chennubhotla, Mathew, & Joseph, 1990: 1.— Huisman et al., 1990: 96.— Huisman & Walker, 1990: 426.— Kendrick, Huisman, & Walker, 1990: 48, 52.— Basson, 1992: 226.— Coppejans & Prud'homme van Reine, 1992a: 188.— Kalimuthu, Kaliaperumal, & Ramalingam, 1992: 124.— Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 20 (table 1).— Stegenga & Bolton, 1992: fig. 3, table I.— Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.— Zvyagintsev & Ivin, 1992: 9 (table 2).— Anil Kumar & Panikkar, 1993a: 17, 21, figs. 1, 2.— King & Puttock, 1994b: 184, 188.— Ormond & Banaimoon, 1994: 119.— Al Easa, Kornprobst, & Rizk, 1995: 374.— Wynne, 1995: 301.
Taxonomic synonym:
* Spyridia spinella Sonder, 1845: 53 (type locality: Western Australia).—Sonder, 1848 [1846–1848]: 168.— Kützing, 1849: 668.— J. Agardh, 1851 [1851–1863]: 342.— Kützing, 1862: 16, pl. 51: figs. c, d.— Harvey, 1863: xlii.— J. Agardh, 1876: 269.— Sonder, 1880: 16.— J. Agardh, 1897: 13.— De Toni, 1903: 1430.— Lucas, 1909: 52.— V. May, 1965: 369.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Aldabra Islands, Andaman Islands, Australia, Bahrain, Diego Garcia Atoll, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Kuwait, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles (including Mahé Island), Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Yemen.
Note: The synonymy was proposed by Womersley & Cartledge (1975: 222, 225, 227).