Dicranema filiforme Sonder, 1845: 56 (type locality: Western Australia).—Sonder, 1848 [1846–1848]: 173.— J. Agardh, 1852 [1851–1863]: 634–635.— Harvey, 1855b: 549.— Harvey, 1863: xxxvi.— J. Agardh, 1876: 436.— Sonder, 1880: 23.— De Toni, 1897: 271.— Lucas, 1909: 25.— Shameel & J. Tanaka, 1992: 48.
Cystoclonium filiforme (Sonder) Kützing, 1849: 757.—Kützing, 1868: 6, pl. 18: figs. a, b.
Sarconema filiforme (Sonder) Kylin, 1932: 22–23.—Børgesen, 1934a: 11–12, fig. 7.— Børgesen, 1934b: 36.— Børgesen, 1935: 55.— Børgesen, 1938b: 219.— P. Anand, 1943b: 52.— Børgesen, 1943: 39–40.— Børgesen, 1950b: 13.— Børgesen, 1952: 26.— Thivy, 1952: 174.— Krishna Pillai, 1956: 5.— Krishna Pillai, 1957a: table II.— Krishna Pillai, 1957b: tables 1–8, figs. 8, 17.— Varma, 1961: 224.— V. May, 1965: 387.— Salim, 1965: 193.— S. Dixit, 1966: 14.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 21.— Subbaramaiah, 1971b: 21.— Papenfuss & Edelstein, 1974: 40–41, figs. 1, 3, 13, 20–23.— Jaasund, 1976: 93, pl. 8.— Jaasund, 1977c: 421–422.— Mshigeni, 1977f: 661–665, figs. 1–3.— Semesi & Mshigeni, 1977b: 271–275, figs. 2, 3B.— Farghaly, 1980: 163.— V. Krishnamurthy, 1980: 54.— Lawson, 1980: 60.— Moorjani, 1980b: 460.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [31].— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1984: table 1.— R. Parekh et al., 1984: table 1.— Balasundaram, 1985: 180 ff.— Mshigeni, 1985: 12, 19.— P. Subba Rao et al., 1985: 33.— Kesava Rao, 1986: table I.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1986: table I.— Nair et al., 1986: 737.— Ampili, Panikkar, & Chauhan, 1987b: 218–220, figs. 1–11.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 108–109, figs. 12C,D.— M. Dave et al., 1987: table 1.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1987a: table 2.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1987b: 4.— R. Parekh & Chauhan, 1987: table 1.— Basson, Mohamed, & Arora, 1989: 35.— Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1989c: 38, table 1.— Mairh, Ramavat, et al., 1989: 3308.— Huisman & Walker, 1990: 410.— V. Krishnamurthy & Balasundaram, 1990: 8, fig. 5.— V. Krishnamurthy et al., 1990: 271, fig. 6.— Millar, 1990: 347.— R. Parekh & Chauhan, 1990: table 1.— Ampili, Panikkar, & Chauhan, 1991: 277–279, figs. 1–11.— Sofiamma et al., 1991: 56, tables I–IV.— Abbas, Basson, & Gamal El-Din, 1992: 63.— Banaimoon, 1992: 166, table I.— Basson, 1992: 225.— Basson & Abbas, 1992: 60.— Kaliaperumal et al., 1992: 13.— Makemson, Fulayfil, & Basson, 1992: 2342.— Naqvi et al., 1992: 135.— Panikkar, Ampili, & Chauhan, 1992: 61.— Jagtap, 1993: table I.— Nair et al., 1993: 186, 193.— Ormond & Banaimoon, 1994: 118.— Perrone & Cecere, 1994: 99.— Womersley, 1994: 344–345.
Taxonomic synonyms:
Plocaria furcellata Montagne, 1850a: 243 (type locality: Hodeida, Yemen).
Dicranema furcellatum (Montagne) J. Agardh, 1876: 436.—Piccone, 1884a: 320.— Piccone, 1893: 381.— Biswas, 1945: 528, pl. I: fig. 3.— Sacco, 1965: 551.
Sarconema furcellatum Zanardini, 1858: 264, pl. X: fig. 1 (syntype localities: Berenice, Egypt; Suakin, Sudan).—Hauck, 1886 [1886–1889]: 167.— Schmitz, 1895a: 139.— Schmitz, 1895b: 27.— Mazza, 1907 [1905–1918]: 31–35.— Weber-van Bosse, 1913b: 114–115.— Weber-van Bosse, 1914: 278–279.— Børgesen, 1932b: 126–127, fig. 12.— Børgesen, 1934a: 10–11.— Børgesen, 1934b: 36.— Børgesen, 1938b: 219.— Børgesen, 1939b: 111–112.— P. Anand, 1943b: 49, 51–52, figs. 35A,B, frontispiece.— Newton, 1953: 398.— Krishna Pillai, 1956: 5.— Krishna Pillai, 1957a: tables I–VI, fig. 21.— Krishna Pillai, 1957b: tables 1–8, fig. 9.— Kappanna & Sitakara Rao, 1962: 559.— E. Lewis & Gonzalves, 1962a: 301, tables 1–3.— V. May, 1965: 387.— Salim, 1965: 196.— S. Dixit, 1966: 14.— E. Lewis, 1967: 305.— S. Dixit, 1968: 20.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 45.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 21.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1970a: 5, fig. 29.— Islam, 1974b: 88.— Islam, 1976: 55, pl. 67: fig. 393.— Lawson, 1980: 60.— Sreenivasa Rao & Parekh, 1981: table III.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [31].— Aleem, 1984: 923, 925.— R. Qasim & Barkati, 1985: table 2.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 108–109, figs. 12C,D.— Silas & Kalimuthu, 1987: 55.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1987a: 24.— Kalimuthu, Kaliaperumal, & Ramalingam, 1992: 123.— Shameel & J. Tanaka, 1992: 48.
* Solieria indica J. Agardh, 1852 [1851–1863]: 723 (type locality: "ad oras Indiae orientalis'').—G. Martens, 1868: 90–91.— J. Agardh, 1876: 597.— De Toni, 1897: 367.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 22.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [39].
Sarconema indicum (J. Agardh) Kylin, 1932: 22, pl. 8: fig. 17.—Børgesen, 1937b: 326.— S. Dixit, 1966: 14.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 21.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [31].— Bensam et al., 1991: 104, table 1.
* Sarconema furcatum Børgesen, 1934a: 12, fig. 8, pl. II (upper) (type locality: Karachi, Pakistan).—P. Anand, 1943b: 52.— K. Srinivasan, 1965: 246.— S. Dixit, 1966: 14.— Gopalakrishnan, 1970: 65.— Subbaramaiah, 1971b: 22.— Shameel & J. Tanaka, 1992: 48.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Aldabra Islands, southeast Arabian coast, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Kenya, Laccadive Islands, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Pakistan, Réunion, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania, Yemen.
Note: The synonymy was proposed by Papenfuss & Edelstein (1974).