Fucus denticulatus Burman, 1768: [32] (type locality: uncertain, see Note).
Eucheuma denticulatum (Burman) Collins & Hervey, 1917: 106–108 (including Indian Ocean record).—Isaac, 1967: 80.— Lawson, 1980: 42.— Mshigeni, 1982: 141.— Seagrief, 1984: 26.— Doty & J. Norris, 1985: 48.— Doty, 1988: 179–180, figs. 3B, 5A, 7A, 8–10.— Mollion, Andriantsiferana, & Sekkal, 1990: 656, figs. 1, 2, tables 1, 3.— Yarish & Wamukoya, 1990: 343, table 2.— Andriamampandry, 1991: 67.— Coppejans & Prud'homme van Reine, 1992a: 186.— R. Norris, 1992b: 8, 10, figs. 26–28.— Luxton, 1993: 366.— Mollion & Braud, 1993: 373.— Mshigeni & Jahn, 1995: 401, 402, 405.— Mtolera et al., 1995: 290.
Fucus spinosus Linnaeus, 1771: 313, nom. illeg.—Turner, 1807–1808: 36–37, pl. 18.
Sphaerococcus spinosus C. Agardh, 1822 [1822–1823]: 271–272, nom. illeg.—C. Agardh, 1824: 223.— Kützing, 1849: 777.— G. Martens, 1868: 31, 96–97.
Gigartina spinosa Greville, 1830: lix, nom. illeg.—Montagne & Millardet, 1862: 6.— Kützing, 1868: 3, pl. 7: figs. a, b.— G. Martens, 1871b: 468.— Theobald, 1883: 29.— Desikachary, 1967: 10.
Eucheuma spinosum J. Agardh, 1852 [1851–1863]: 626–627, nom. illeg.—Sonder, 1854: 3, 4.— Grunow, 1867: 79.— Dickie, 1874b: 195.— J. Agardh, 1876: 601.— Sonder, 1879: 82.— Sonder, 1880: 28.— De Toni & Levi, 1888: 52.— J. Agardh, 1892: 122.— Möbius, 1893: 138.— Schmitz, 1895a: 139.— Schmitz, 1895b: 27.— Hauck & Richter, 1896 [1885–1896]: no. 666.— De Toni, 1897: 369–370.— De Wildeman, 1897a: 170.— Schmitz & Hauptfleisch, 1897d: 379, fig. 227A.— De Wildeman, 1899: 62.— De Wildeman, 1900: 406.— Hariot, 1902: 470.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 21.— Mshigeni, 1973: 20, photos 1–4.— Jaasund, 1976: 95, fig. 190.— Mshigeni, 1976a: 102.— Braud & Perez, 1977: 8.— Jaasund, 1977c: 422.— Mshigeni & Semesi, 1977: 239–242, figs. 1, 6A, 7A.— Semesi & Mshigeni, 1977a: 234, fig. 2D.— Semesi & Mshigeni, 1977c: 166, fig. 1.— Braud & Perez, 1978: 534.— Mshigeni, 1979: 437, 438, 440, 444, figs. 2–4.— Soegiarto, 1979: 463, 466.— Tong, K. Lee, & Wong, 1979: 265.— Lawson, 1980: 43 (as spinosum and spinulosum).— Manuaba, 1981: 157.— Santika, 1981: 145, 146.— Mshigeni, 1984: 348, table 1.— Adnan & Porse, 1987: 356.— Lirasan & Twide, 1993: 353.— Holst et al., 1994: 444.
Taxonomic synonym:
* Fucus muricatus S. Gmelin, 1768: 111, pl. VI: fig. 4 (type locality: Indian Ocean).
Gigartina muricata (S. Gmelin) Lamouroux, 1813: 137.
Eucheuma muricatum (S. Gmelin) Weber-van Bosse, 1928: 413–414, fig. 164, pl. XII: figs. 1–5.—Kylin, 1932: 23.— V. May, 1946: 123.— Purchon & Enoch, 1954: 58.— Kylin, 1956: 282, fig. 211A.— Zaneveld, 1956: 31–32.— Zaneveld, 1959: 111–112, fig. 15.— V. May, 1965: 388.— H. Burkill, Greenwood-Barton, & Crowther, 1968: 430, table I.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Australia, Bangladesh, Djibouti, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nicobar Islands, Réunion, Singapore, South Africa, Tanzania.
Note: Fucus spinosus Linnaeus was an illegitimate renaming of Fucus denticulatus Burman. Sphaerococcus spinosus, Gigartina spinosa, and Eucheuma spinosum, being based on Fucus spinosus, are likewise illegitimate. The conspecificity of F. denticulatus and F. muricatus was first proposed by C. Agardh (1822 [1822–1823]: 271). Both names were published in 1768, with the Burman publication having priority (1 March–6 April vs. after 1 May). The type locality of F. denticulatus avowedly is the Cape of Good Hope, but Eucheuma is known in South Africa only from Natal, where, according to R. Norris (1992b: 8), it is seemingly rare. Barton (1893: 173) reported E. spinosum from False Bay, but later (1896: 198) withdrew the record.