Lithothamnion pygmaeum Heydrich, 1897b: 3–4, fig. 1, pl. I: figs. 8–10 (type locality: Tami Island, Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea).
Lithophyllum pygmaeum (Heydrich) Heydrich, 1897c: 412.—Heydrich, 1901: 533.
Lithophyllum moluccense (Foslie) Foslie forma pygmaeum (Heydrich) Foslie, 1901d: 24 (`pygmaea').—Foslie, 1907c: 104.— Foslie, 1907d: 188.— Børgesen, 1954a: 13.
Taxonomic synonyms:
Lithothamnion tamiense Heydrich, 1897b: 1, pl. I: figs. 4–7 (type locality: Tami Island, Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea).
Lithophyllum tamiense (Heydrich) Verheij, 1994: 103–105.—Ballesteros & Afonso-Carrillo, 1995: 207, fig. 3.
Lithophyllum moluccense (Foslie) Foslie forma flabelliforme Foslie, 1901d: 24, footnote (`flabelliformis').—Foslie, 1907c: 104.— Foslie, 1907d: 108.— Foslie, 1929: 36, pl. LV: fig. 19.
Lithothamnion moluccense Foslie, 1897: 12–13 (type locality: Moluccas, Indonesia).
Lithophyllum moluccense (Foslie) Foslie, 1901a: 12.—Foslie, 1904a: 67–70 ("forma typica'').— De Toni, 1905: 1790–1791.— Foslie, 1907c: 104.— Foslie, 1907d: 188.— Pilger, 1908b: 43–44, pl. 5: figs. 8–10.— Lemoine, 1911: 135–139.— Baissac, Lubet, & Michel, 1962: 269.— Adey & Lebednik, 1967: 19.— Isaac, 1971: 16.— Pichon, 1978: 175, 304, 416.— Lawson, 1980: 55.— Segonzac, 1983: table 1.— Segonzac, 1984: table 1.— Coppejans & Prud'homme van Reine, 1992a: 184.— Ballesteros, 1994: 543.
Lithophyllum torquescens Foslie, 1901a: 11–12 (type locality: probably Mauritius).—Foslie, 1901d: 23–24.— De Toni, 1905: 1791.— Woelkerling, 1993: 224.
Lithophyllum moluccense (Foslie) Foslie forma torquescens (Foslie) Foslie, 1904a: 69.—Foslie, 1929: 36, pl. LV: 17.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Comoro Islands, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles (Praslin Island).
Note: The synonymy was proposed by Verheij (1994: 103). He made the valid combination Lithophyllum tamiense, but erred in applying it to a circumscription that included Lithothamnion pygmaeum, a name which has equal priority and for which a combination in Lithophyllum was already available. The combination Lithophyllum tamiense is correct if the circumscription of the species excludes L. pygmaeum. When treating Lithothamnion tamiense as a form of Lithophyllum moluccense, Foslie changed the epithet to flabelliforme, not being obligated to retain tamiense at infraspecific rank.