Verrucaria rubra Sommerfelt, 1826: 140 (type locality: Nordland, Norway).
Hildenbrandia rubra (Sommerfelt) Meneghini, 1841c: 426 (`Hildenbrandtia').—Branch et al., 1994: 340.
Taxonomic synonyms:
Hildenbrandia prototypus Nardo, 1834: 676 (`Hildenbrandtia') (type locality: Venezia, Italy).—Möbius, 1893: 137.— Weber-van Bosse, 1921: 302.— Weber-van Bosse, 1926: 118–119.— Børgesen, 1935: 50–51, figs. 22a–c.— S. Dixit, 1941: 127.— Børgesen, 1943: 15.— S. Dixit, 1966: 13.— Denizot, 1968: 199.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 18.— Umamaheswara Rao & Sreeramulu, 1970a: 37, fig. 50a.— V. Krishnamurthy, 1980: 53.— Segonzac, 1983: table 1.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [29].— Segonzac, 1984: table 1.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 106–107.— Desikachary, V. Krishnamurthy, & M. Balakrishnan, 1990: 277–278, figs. 51A–G.
Hildenbrandia nardi Zanardini, 1840b: 198, nom. illeg.—Jadin, 1935: 172 (`nardo').— S. Dixit, 1940a: 96 (`nardo').
Hildenbrandia sanguinea Kützing, 1843b: 384, pl. 78.V (`Hildenbrandtia') (syntype localities: Golfo di Trieste, Italy; Pula and Split, Croatia).—G. Martens, 1868: 28, 84–85.— De Wildeman, 1897a: 182.— De Wildeman, 1900: 427.
Hildenbrandia rosea Kützing, 1843b: 384 (`Hildenbrandtia') (type locality: Cuxhaven, Niedersachsen, Germany).—Simons, 1977: 29, fig. 69.— Brown & Jarman, 1978: 1259.— Seagrief, 1988: 54, fig. 5:9.— Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 154.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: India, Indonesia (Java and Sumatra), Mauritius, Réunion, South Africa.
Note: The conspecificity of Verrucaria rubra and Hildenbrandia prototypus was proposed by Meneghini (l.c.). This synonymy was followed by Denizot (1968: 199), who, however, adopted the younger name, H. prototypus. Hildenbrandia sanguinea is included as a synonym on the authority of Möbius (1893: 137) and Denizot (1968: 199), H. rosea on the authority of Denizot (l.c.). Hildenbrandia nardi is a superfluous name for H. prototypus.