Liagora ceranoides Lamouroux, 1816: 239 (type locality: St. Thomas, Virgin Islands).—J. Agardh, 1896: 103.— De Toni, 1897: 91.— Børgesen, 1931: 3.— Børgesen, 1934b: 32.— Børgesen, 1937b: 320.— Børgesen, 1939b: 104.— Børgesen, 1942b: 28.— Chacko, Mahadevan, & R. Ganesan, 1955: 12 (`crenoides').— Newton, 1955b: 143.— T. Rao & V. Rao, 1963: 116, table I.— S. Dixit, 1966: 11.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 43.— S. Dixit, 1970: 116.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 17.— Islam, 1976: 50, pl. 50: figs. 291–293.— Jaasund, 1976: 61, fig. 124, pl. 5.— Jaasund, 1977c: 416.— Chauhan & Mairh, 1978: 34.— Pichon, 1978: 176, 252, 416.— Farghaly, 1980: 153, pl. XVII: fig. 1.— Lawson, 1980: 54.— Russell, 1981: 467.— Gopinathan & Panigrahy, 1983: 51.— Payri, 1985: 640.— Basson, Mohamed, & Arora, 1989: 35.— Desikachary, V. Krishnamurthy, & M. Balakrishnan, 1990: 137–138, fig. 23, pls. IX.A, X.A.— Basson, 1992: 224.— Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 17 (table 1).— Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 42.— Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 154.
Taxonomic synonym:
Liagora pulverulenta C. Agardh, 1822 [1822–1823]: 396–397 (type locality: "in India occidentali ?'').—Kützing, 1849: 538.— Kützing, 1858: 42–43, pl. 89: figs. Ia,b.— G. Murray, 1887: 28.— Jadin, 1935: 162.— Durairatnam, 1961a: 48, pl. XI: fig. 5.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 17.— Durairatnam & Ragunathamuthaliar, 1976: table 1.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [27].
Liagora ceranoides Lamouroux forma pulverulenta (C. Agardh) Yamada, 1938b: 155.—Desikachary & M. Balakrishnan, 1958: 460–462, figs. 15–27, pl. xvii: fig. 2.
Liagora ceranoides Lamouroux var. pulverulenta (C. Agardh) Børgesen, 1942b: 28 (including Indian Ocean record).—Børgesen, 1951: 27.— Isaac, 1967: 79.— Lawson, 1980: 55.
Misapplied name (fide Børgesen, 1942b: 28):
Liagora distenta.—Jadin, 1935: 162.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Aldabra Islands, Andaman Islands, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Chagos Archipelago (Egmont Atoll), India, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nicobar Islands, Réunion, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Tanzania.
Note: Howe (1920: 555) placed Liagora pulverulenta and L. leprosa (see next entry) in the synonymy of L. ceranoides. Yamada (1938b: 155) divided L. ceranoides into two formae on the basis of presence or absence of many short proliferations, each forma including one of the foregoing synonyms. As pointed out by Abbott (1990a: 118), the nomenclaturally typical forma should be called by its autonym, forma ceranoides, rather than forma pulverulenta (C. Agardh) Yamada.