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`Fred Hrusa's CROSSWALK`

This is an extract from the nomenclatural crosswalk compiled by Fred Hrusa. The crosswalk is a database that accounts for the application of names of California plants. For the most part, The Jepson Manual of 1993 is the source of accepted names. The crosswalk is Hrusa's attempt to determine the Jepson name for names occurring in previous literature. In this extract, the "accepted name" forms the first line of each paragraph, with synonyms and misapplications indented beneath it. The abbreviation pointed to by the arrow is the source of the application of the name. Expansions of the abbreviation can be found at the bottom of the page. Notes about the publication of a name, and sometimes other comments, can be found between curly brackets following the name. Links are provided for names that are represented in the Jepson Interchange.

Comments tied to a name can be e-mailed in by clicking on a left-pointing arrow.

For general comments, Fred Hrusa can be contacted by e-mail: FHrusa @ cdfa.ca.gov
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Looking for generic name Viola as accepted name or synonym

Viola adunca Sm. var. adunca: Viola adunca L. subsp. uncinulata (Greene) Applegate--->source: Abr3 {pub. info.: Amer. Midl. Nat. 33: 282. 1939} IPNI; Viola adunca Sm. subsp. oxyceras (Wats.) Piper--->source: Abr3 {pub. info.: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: 395. 1906} IPNI; Viola adunca Sm. var. longipes (Nutt. in T. & G.) Rydb.--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 263. 1900} IPNI; Viola adunca Sm. var. oxyceras (Wats.) Jeps. in Jeps.--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 647. 1925}
Viola adunca Sm. var. kirkii V. Duran: Viola adunca Sm. var. kirkii V. Duran--->source: Jeps IPNI
Viola adunca Sm.: Viola adunca Sm.--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola canina L. var. adunca (Sm.) Wats. in Brew. & Wats.--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Bot. Calif. 1: 55. 1880} IPNI; Viola canina L. var. longipes (Nutt. in T. & G.) Wats. in Brew. & Wats.--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Bot. Calif. 1: 56. 1880} IPNI; Viola canina L. var. oxyceras Wats. in Brew. & Wats.--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Bot. Calif. 1: 56. 1880} IPNI; Viola filipes Greene--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola longipes Nutt. in T. & G.--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Fl. N. Am. 1: 140. 1838} IPNI; Viola oxyceras (Wats.) Greene--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Pittonia 3: 255. 1897} IPNI; Viola uncinulata Greene--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Leafl. Bot. obs. 2: 97. 1910} IPNI
Viola arvensis Murray: Viola arvensis Murr.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola aurea Kellogg: Viola aurea Kell. subsp. aurea--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola aurea Kell.--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. var. aurea (Kell.) Baker--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola bakeri Greene: Viola bakeri Greene subsp. bakeri--->source: UNK IPNI; Viola bakeri Greene subsp. grandis Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola bakeri Greene subsp. shastensis M.S. Baker--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola bakeri Greene--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Pittonia 3: 307. 1898} IPNI; Viola nuttallii Pursh var. bakeri (Greene) C.L. Hitchc. in Cronq. & Hitchc.--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Univ. Wash. Pub. Biol. 17: Part 3, 447. 1961 [Vasc. Plnts. Pac. NW]} IPNI
Viola beckwithii Torr. & A. Gray: Viola beckwithii T. & G. subsp. beckwithii--->source: Mnz; Viola beckwithii T. & G. subsp. glabrata M.S. Baker--->source: Mnz; Viola beckwithii T. & G.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola cuneata S. Watson: Viola cuneata Wats.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola douglasii Steud.: Viola chrysantha Hook., non Schrad.--->source: Abr3 {pub. info.: Ic. Pl. 1: pl. 49. 1837. Not Schrad. 1834} IPNI; Viola douglasii Steud.--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola pruinosa Pollard--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola glabella Nutt.: Viola californica M.S. Baker--->source: Mnz; Viola glabella Nutt.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola hallii A. Gray: Viola hallii Gray--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola langsdorfii (Regel) Fisch.: Viola langsdorfii (Regel) Fisch.--->source: Jeps IPNI
Viola lobata Benth. subsp. integrifolia (S. Watson) R.J. Little: Viola deltoidea Greene--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Pittonia 3: 317. 1898} IPNI; Viola lobata Benth. subsp. integrifolia (Wats.) R.J. Little--->source: Jeps IPNI; Viola lobata Benth. var. integrifolia Wats.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola lobata Benth. subsp. lobata: Viola dactylifera Greene--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Pittonia 3: 317. 1898} IPNI; Viola lobata Benth. subsp. psychodes (Greene) Munz--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola psychodes Greene--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Pittonia 3: 317. 1898}; Viola sequoiensis Kell.--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 185. 1863} IPNI
Viola lobata Benth.: Viola lobata Benth.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola macloskeyi F.E. Lloyd subsp. pallens (Banks) M.S. Baker: Viola macloskeyi Lloyd subsp. pallens (Banks) M.S. Baker--->source: Jeps IPNI
Viola macloskeyi F.E. Lloyd: Viola anodonta Greene--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Pittonia 5: 32. 1907} IPNI; Viola blanda Willd. var. macloskeyi (Lloyd) Jeps. in Jeps.--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 648. 1925} IPNI; Viola blanda auct. non Willd.--->source: UNK IPNI; Viola macloskeyi Lloyd--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola pallens Banks subsp. macloskeyi (Lloyd) Baker--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Madroño 12: 18. 1953} IPNI; Viola parnassifolia Greene--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola ocellata Torr. & A. Gray: Viola ocellata T. & G.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola odorata L.: Viola odorata L.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola palustris L.: Viola palustris L.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola pedunculata Torr. & A. Gray subsp. tenuifolia M.S. Baker & J. Clausen: Viola pedunculata T. & G. subsp. tenuifolia M.S. Baker & J. Clausen--->source: Jeps IPNI
Viola pedunculata Torr. & A. Gray: Viola pedunculata T. & G. subsp. pedunculata--->source: Mnz; Viola pedunculata T. & G. subsp. tenuifolia Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz; Viola pedunculata T. & G.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola pinetorum Greene subsp. grisea (Jeps.) R.J. Little: Viola pinetorum Greene subsp. grisea (Jeps.) R.J. Little--->source: Jeps IPNI; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. subsp. xerophyta Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. var. grisea Jeps. in Jeps.--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Fl. Calif. 2: 521. 1936} IPNI
Viola pinetorum Greene subsp. pinetorum: Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. p.p.--->source: Mnz; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. subsp. mesophyta Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. subsp. xerophyta Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. var. pinetorum (Greene) Greene in Greene--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Fl. Fran. 243. 1891} IPNI
Viola pinetorum Greene: Viola pinetorum Greene--->source: Jeps IPNI; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. p.p.--->source: Mnz
Viola praemorsa Douglas subsp. linguifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) M.S. Baker & J. Clausen: Viola brooksii Kell.--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola linguaefolia Nutt. in T. & G.--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 141. 1838} IPNI; Viola nuttallii Pursh subsp. linguaefolia (Nutt. in T. & G.) Piper in Piper & Beattie--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Fl. S.E. Wash. 166. 1914} IPNI; Viola nuttallii Pursh var. linguaefolia (Nutt. in T. & G.) Jeps.--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 645. 1925} IPNI; Viola nuttallii Pursh var. major Hook.--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 79. 1830} IPNI; Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl. subsp. arida Baker--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Brittonia 9: 227. 1957} IPNI; Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl. subsp. linguaefolia (Nutt. in T. & G.) Baker--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Madroño 10: 128. 1949} IPNI; Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl. subsp. major (Hook.) M.S. Baker--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl. subsp. oregona Baker & Clausen ex Peck--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Man. High. Pl. Oreg. 486. 1941, in syn. without diagnosis} IPNI; Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl. var. linguaefolia (Nutt. in T. & G.) Peck in Peck--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Man. High. Plants Oreg. 486. 1941} IPNI; Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl. var. major (Hook.) Peck in Peck--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Man. High. Plants Oreg. 486. 1941} IPNI; Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl. var. oregana Peck in Peck--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Man. High. Plants Oreg. 486. 1941} IPNI; Viola praemorsa Douglas subsp. linguifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) M.S. Baker & J. Clausen--->source: Jeps IPNI
Viola praemorsa Douglas subsp. praemorsa: Viola nuttallii Pursh subsp. praemorsa (Dougl. ex Lindl.) Piper--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: 393. 1906} IPNI; Viola nuttallii Pursh var. praemorsa (Dougl. ex Lindl.) Wats.--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Bot. King Expl. 35: 1871} IPNI
Viola praemorsa Douglas: Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola primulifolia L. subsp. occidentalis (A. Gray) L.E. McKinney & R.J. Little: Viola lanceolata L. p.p.--->source: UNK; Viola lanceolata L. subsp. occidentalis (Gray) Russell--->source: Mnz; Viola occidentalis (Gray) T.J. Howell--->source: Abr3 {pub. info.: Fl. N.W. Amer. 1: 69. 1897} IPNI; Viola primulifolia L. subsp. occidentalis (Gray) L.E. McKinney & R.J. Little--->source: Jeps IPNI; Viola primulifolia L. var. occidentalis Gray--->source: Abr3 {pub. info.: Bot. Gaz. 11: 255. 1886} IPNI
Viola purpurea Kellogg subsp. integrifolia M.S. Baker & J. Clausen: Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. subsp. integrifolia Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola purpurea Kellogg subsp. mohavensis (M.S. Baker & J. Clausen) J. Clausen: Viola aurea Kell. subsp. mohavensis Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola purpurea Kellogg subsp. mohavensis (M.S. Baker & J. Clausen) J. Clausen--->source: Jeps IPNI
Viola purpurea Kellogg subsp. purpurea: Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. subsp. dimorpha Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Madroño 10: 122. 1949}
Viola purpurea Kellogg subsp. quercetorum (M.S. Baker & J. Clausen) R.J. Little: Viola purpurea Kellogg subsp. quercetorum (M.S. Baker & J. Clausen) R.J. Little--->source: Jeps IPNI; Viola quercetorum Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola purpurea Kellogg subsp. venosa (S. Watson) M.S. Baker & J. Clausen: Viola atriplicifolia Greene--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Pittonia 3: 38. 1896} IPNI; Viola nuttallii Pursh var. venosa Wats. in Wats.--->source: Abr3 {pub. info.: Bot. King Expl. 35. 1871} IPNI; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. subsp. atriplicifolia (Greene) Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz IPNI; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. subsp. geophyta (Peck in Peck) Baker & Clausen--->source: Mnz; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. var. geophyta Peck in Peck--->source: Abr3 {pub. info.: Man. High. Pl. Ore. 486. 1941} IPNI; Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. var. venosa (Wats. in Wats.) Brain.--->source: PNW {pub. info.: Vt. Agr. Exp. St. Bull. 224: 111. 1921} IPNI; Viola purpurea Kellogg subsp. venosa (S. Watson) M.S. Baker & J. Clausen--->source: Jeps IPNI; Viola venosa (Wats. in Wats.) Rydb.--->source: Abr3 {pub. info.: Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 262. 1900} IPNI
Viola purpurea Kellogg: Viola purpurea Kell., non Stev. p.p.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola sempervirens Greene: Viola sarmentosa Dougl. ex Hook., non Bieb.--->source: Mnz {pub. info.: Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 80. 1830. Not Bieberstein, 1808.} IPNI; Viola sempervirens Greene--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola sheltonii Torr.: Viola sheltonii Torr.--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola sororia Willd. subsp. affinis (Le Conte) R.J. Little: Viola nephrophylla Greene--->source: Mnz; Viola sororia Willd. subsp. affinis (Le Conte) R.J. Little--->source: Jeps IPNI
Viola tomentosa M.S. Baker & J. Clausen: Viola tomentosa M.S. Baker & J.C. Clausen--->source: Mnz IPNI
Viola tricolor L.: Viola tricolor L.--->source: Mnz IPNI

These are the sources of the application of a name, not the place of publication of a name.
Abr3: L. Abrams, 1951 Ill. Fl. Pacific States. V. III
Jeps: Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. 1993 Hickman ed.
Mnz: P.A. Munz & D.D. Keck 1959. A California Flora
PNW: Vasc. Pl Pac. NW unspecified volume. C.L. Hitchc., Cronquist & Ownbey
UNK: unrecorded source