| | 1. Flowers generally in head-like clusters; plant generally rosetted or tufted; Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau — bractlets < 0.5 mm wide; hypanthium generally 2–5 mm wide; lower pedicels often reflexed in fruit; > 300 m |
| |
| | 2. Lateral leaflets 2–4 per side, entire to ± 3-toothed; petals linear to obovate; fruit ± 2 mm; 300–2500 m |
| |
| | 3. Stem densely glandular above, ascending to erect; petals generally widely obovate, 2.5–4 mm — nw Klamath Ranges |
| H. congesta subsp. nemorosa |
| | 3' Stem ± glabrous to sparsely glandular above, often decumbent; petals linear to widely oblanceolate, 1.5–4 mm |
| H. tridentata |
| | 4. Petals ± widely oblanceolate, often < sepals; hypanthium 2.5–5 mm wide, inner wall hairy (except in High North Coast Ranges); Klamath Ranges, North Coast Ranges, n High Sierra Nevada |
| subsp. flavescens |
| | 4' Petals generally narrowly oblanceolate, generally = or > sepals; hypanthium generally 2–3.5 mm wide, inner wall generally glabrous; Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau |
| subsp. tridentata |
| | 2' Lateral leaflets 3–15 per side, > 3-toothed; petals ± wedge-shaped; fruit 1–1.8 mm; > 1000 m |
| H. fusca |
| | 5. Lateral leaflets generally divided ± 3/4 to base into oblanceolate lobes, often > 8 per side, ± crowded; filaments generally < 0.5 mm, generally wider than long — s High Cascade Range |
| subsp. tenella |
| | 5' Lateral leaflets generally toothed < 1/2 to base, generally 4–8 per side, separated; filaments often > 0.5 mm, longer than wide |
| |
| | 6. Petals 4–6 mm; leaflets generally 10–20 mm, toothed < 1/4 to base, generally ± obovate; anthers ± 0.6 mm; style 1–1.5 mm; fruit ± 1.8 mm; Warner Mountains |
| subsp. capitata |
| | 6' Petals 2–4 mm; leaflets generally 5–15 mm, toothed 1/4–1/2 to base, ± round to wedge-shaped; anthers ± 0.4 mm; style ± 1 mm; fruit ± 1.2 mm; n California, High Sierra Nevada |
| subsp. parviflora |
| | 1' Flowers generally either in ± flat-topped clusters or inflorescence open; plant often matted; California Floristic Province, White and Inyo Mountains |
| |
| | 7. Pedicels ± recurved in fruit; inflorescence open, often ± 1-sided |
| |
| | 8. Petals 4–7 mm; leaflets toothed 1/4 to midvein; pistils generally > 20; n&c Sierra Nevada Foothills (especially Ione Formation) |
| H. parryi |
| | 8' Petals 2–3 mm; leaflets lobed > 1/2 to base; pistils < 5; San Bernardino Mountains |
| H. wilderae |
| | 7' Pedicels erect in fruit; inflorescence open or dense, not 1-sided |
| |
| | 9. Filaments generally < 0.5 mm, generally wider than long; style ± 1 mm — petals ± wedge-shaped; s High Cascade Range |
| 2 H. fusca subsp. tenella |
| | 9' Filaments > 0.5 mm, generally longer than wide; style 1–4 mm |
| |
| | 10. Plant generally rosetted from simple or few-branched caudex; resinous odor indistinct; lateral leaflets generally < 10-lobed; fruit > 2 mm; often ± serpentine clay; especially Klamath Ranges |
| |
| | 11. Leaflets 5–10 per side, 5–25 mm, lobed > 3/4 to base; stem base hairs ± 2 mm; inflorescence open to dense; hypanthium 3.5–5 mm wide; petals ± obovate, cream; pistils 5–15; style 2.5–4 mm; especially e Klamath Ranges |
| H. daucifolia |
| | 11' Leaflets ± 15 per side, 2–10 mm, generally lobed ± 1/2 to base; stem base hairs ± 1 mm; inflorescence open; hypanthium 2–3 mm wide; petals obcordate, often pink-tinged; pistils 2–6; style ± 1.5–2 mm; w Klamath Ranges |
| H. sericata |
| | 10' Plant generally tufted or matted from a few–many-branched caudex; resinous odor generally obvious; lateral leaflets often > 10-toothed or -lobed; fruit often < 2 mm; generally non-serpentine; generally not Klamath Ranges (except H. hendersonii) |
| |
| | 12. Lateral leaflets pinnately veined, ± elliptic, ± evenly > 10-toothed — hypanthium width 4–8 mm, > 2 × length; bractlets ± 2–3 mm wide; Central Western California, Southwestern California |
| |
| | 13. Leaflets 1–3 per side, < distinct terminal leaflet, teeth generally double, > 20; petals ± round, ± 5 mm wide; 400–1300 m; Peninsular Ranges, n Baja California |
| H. truncata |
| | 13' Leaflets 5–12 per side, ± = generally indistinct terminal leaflet, teeth generally single, < 20; petals obovate or narrower, 1.5–4 mm wide; < 700 m; Central Coast, Outer South Coast Ranges, South Coast |
| H. cuneata |
| | 14. Hairs ± all glandular; inflorescence open; hypanthium inner rim ± glabrous; filament base 0.5–2 mm wide |
| subsp. puberula |
| | 14' Hairs mostly glandless; inflorescence open to dense; hypanthium inner rim generally hairy; filament base 0.5–1 mm wide |
| |
| | 15. Inflorescence generally ± open; hairs ± spreading, moderate; glands ± obvious |
| subsp. cuneata |
| | 15' Inflorescence dense; hairs ascending to appressed, dense especially on leaflets; glands hidden, if any |
| subsp. sericea |
| | 12' Lateral leaflets ± palmately veined at base, wedge-shaped or ± round-ovate, ± unevenly few– many-toothed or -lobed |
| |
| | 16. Hypanthium width 4–10 mm, 1–2 × length; bractlets ovate, generally ± 2 mm wide, ± = sepals; lateral leaflets round to ovate, 5–60 mm, generally ± separated, generally > 20-toothed or -lobed; stem ± leafy; fruit ± 1 mm |
| H. californica |
| | 17. Leaflets 3–5 per side, generally unlobed, 15–60 mm, elliptic to ovate — hypanthium inner wall glabrous; sepals not red-mottled; style 2–3 mm; Central Western California |
| subsp. frondosa |
| | 17' Leaflets 4–9 per side, ± lobed, 5–40 mm, ovate to round |
| |
| | 18. Lateral leaflets generally few-lobed ± 1/2 to base, 10–40 mm; sepals red-mottled inside; bractlets generally toothed; inner wall of hypanthium ± hairy; filaments generally 1.5–3 mm; style generally 3–4 mm; North Coast, Central Coast |
| subsp. californica |
| | 18' Lateral leaflets lobed 1/2–3/4 to base, 5–25 mm; sepals not red-mottled; bractlets generally entire; inner wall of hypanthium glabrous; filaments generally 0.5–1.5 mm; style generally 2–3 mm; North Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada Foothills, San Francisco Bay Area, San Bernardino Mountains |
| subsp. dissita |
| | 16' Hypanthium width generally < 6 mm, generally 2+ × length; bractlets generally lanceolate, < 2 mm wide (except. H. yadonii), < sepals; lateral leaflets round or wedge-shaped, generally < 15 mm, often crowded, < 20-toothed or -lobed; stem leaves few, ± reduced; fruit > 1 mm |
| |
| | 19. Stem < 25 cm; bractlets generally < 0.5 mm wide; leaves 3–10 cm; fruit 1.5–2.5 mm; > 2000 m; Klamath Ranges, s High Sierra Nevada, White and Inyo Mountains |
| |
| | 20. Hypanthium densely hairy on inner rim; sepals 3.5–6 mm, 2+ × hypanthium length; longer hairs ± 1 mm, soft — ne Klamath Ranges |
| H. hendersonii |
| | 20' Hypanthium ± hairy on inner wall; sepals generally 2–4 mm, < 2 × hypanthium length; longer hairs ± 0.5 mm, stiff |
| |
| | 21. Leaflets generally 10–14 per side, generally 2–4 mm; pistils 10–20; White and Inyo Mountains |
| H. hispidula |
| | 21' Leaflets generally 4–6 per side, generally 3.5–8 mm; pistils 5–12; s High Sierra Nevada |
| H. tularensis |
| | 19' Stem 10–70 cm; bractlets generally > 0.5 mm wide; leaves 3–20 cm; fruit generally < 1.5 mm; < 2800 m; North Coast, North Coast Ranges, Central Western California, Southwestern California |
| |
| | 22. Stem decumbent to ascending, generally 10–30 cm; plant matted, odor strong; inflorescence ± dense; leaves generally 4–10 cm; leaflets 5–10 per side, ± crowded — hairs dense; North Coast, Central Coast |
| H. marinensis |
| | 22' Stem ascending to erect, 10–70 cm; plant tufted or matted, odor variable; inflorescence generally ± open; leaves generally 3–20 cm; leaflets 6–16 per side, separated or crowded |
| |
| | 23. Bractlets 1–2 mm wide, lanceolate to ovate; anthers ± 1 mm — hypanthium generally 3–6 mm wide; stem hairs spreading; Outer South Coast Ranges |
| H. yadonii |
| | 23' Bractlets generally 0.5–1 mm wide, linear or elliptic to lanceolate; anthers 0.5–1 mm |
| |
| | 24. Stem and petiole hairs generally spreading; plant often green |
| |
| | 25. Leaflets toothed ± 1/3 to base; hypanthium inner wall glabrous; Peninsular Ranges |
| H. clevelandii |
| | 25' Leaflets divided > 1/2 to base into linear to oblanceolate lobes; hypanthium inner wall hairy; North Coast, Outer North Coast Ranges, San Francisco Bay Area |
| H. tenuiloba |
| | 24' Stem and petiole hairs generally ascending to appressed; plant generally grayish — hypanthium inner wall ± hairy |
| |
| | 26. Leaf 3–8 cm; pistils < 20; style 1–2 mm; Inner North Coast Ranges |
| H. bolanderi |
| | 26' Leaf 4–20 cm; pistils generally > 20; style generally 2–3 mm; Transverse Ranges |
| H. rydbergii
|