| E. densifolium |
| 2. Leaves few-lobed or entire, generally glabrous; coastal dunes |
| subsp. densifolium |
| 2' Leaves variously lobed, densely hairy; generally away from immediate coast |
| |
| 3. Leaves strongly recurved, blade wider at base than at tip, lobes spine-tipped Mojave Desert |
| subsp. mohavense |
| 3' Leaves not recurved, blades generally equally wide at base, tip, lobes not spine tipped |
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| 4. Corolla 2532 mm; plants densely woolly eastern South Coast (Santa Ana River) |
| subsp. sanctorum |
| 4' Corolla < 20 mm; plants generally hairy but not densely white-woolly |
| |
| 5. Bracts generally 59-lobed; flowers generally 1520 |
| subsp. austromontanum |
| 5' Bracts generally 15-lobed; flowers generally < 15 |
| subsp. elongatum |
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| 7. Corolla bilateral, stamens unequal, bent toward lower lip |
| E. eremicum subsp. eremicum |
| 7' Corolla radial, stamens equal |
| |
| 8. Stamens attached in corolla sinus |
| E. pluriflorum |
| 8' Stamens attached in base of corolla throat |
| E. virgatum |
| |
| 9. Corolla lobes bright yellow |
| E. luteum |
| 9' Corolla lobes blue or white |
| |
| 10. Stamens extended to tip of corolla lobes or beyond; corolla lobes bright blue |
| E. sapphirinum |
| 10' Stamens not extended as far as tip of corolla lobes; corolla lobes pale blue or white |
| |
| |
| 12. Stamens attached at top of throat; calyx 56 mm |
| E. diffusum |
| 12' Stamens attached at base of throat or lower; calyx 610 mm |
| E. wilcoxii |
| |
| |
| 14. Bracts, calyces extended beyond rest of inflorescence; s California, Baja California, generally not Desert |
| E. filifolium |
| 14' Bracts, calyces not extended beyond rest of inflorescence; East of Sierra Nevada, Desert |
| E. sparsiflorum |
| |
| 15. Leaf lobes generally > 3; corolla lobes blue, tube, throat yellow |
| E. abramsii |
| 15' Leaf lobes 13; corolla white or pale blue |
| |
| 16. Corolla > calyx; Inner North Coast Ranges |
| E. brandegeeae |
| 16' Corolla = calyx; Inner South Coast Ranges |
| E. hooveri
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