| | 1. Flowers generally replaced by bulblets; weedy |
| A. vineale |
| | 1' Flowers never replaced by bulblets |
| |
| | 2. Leaf 1 per stem, cylindric; ovary crests 6, prominent, ± triangular |
| |
| |
| | 4. Stamens exserted; perianth parts 5–9 mm, inner > outer, margins irregular to jagged; stem 20–50 cm |
| A. sanbornii var. sanbornii |
| | 4' Stamens included; perianth parts 8–20 mm, ± equal, entire; stem generally < 20 cm |
| |
| | 5. Outer bulb coat sculpture clearly net-like with ± long, twisted meshes |
| A. nevadense |
| | 5' Outer bulb coat sculpture 0, only 2–3 vertical rows of cells above root pad, or indistinctly polygonal |
| |
| | 6. Perianth parts 8–12 mm; pedicels slender, > flowers |
| A. atrorubens |
| | 7. Perianth generally deep red-purple (white), lanceolate, long-acuminate |
| var. atrorubens |
| | 7' Perianth pale pink, dark-veined, ± ovate, acute to acuminate |
| var. cristatum |
| | 6' Perianth parts 12–20 mm; pedicels stout, generally < flowers |
| |
| | 8. Perianth parts linear-lanceolate, long-tapered; daughter bulbs 1–2, stalked, basal; Transverse Ranges, w Peninsular Ranges |
| A. monticola |
| | 8' Perianth parts lanceolate, acute; daughter bulbs 0; n San Bernardino Mountains, Desert Mountains |
| A. parishii |
| | 3' Stigma lobes 3, often slender and recurved |
| |
| | 9. Stamens exserted or = perianth |
| |
| | 10. Inner perianth parts 1.5 × outer; ovary crests entire or notched |
| A. sanbornii var. congdonii |
| | 10' Perianth parts ± equal; ovary crests dentate to deeply cut |
| A. howellii |
| | 11. Stem generally ± 20(10–35) cm, slender; flowers generally 10–30; perianth generally pink to lavender; ovary crests purple; flowers spring — s San Joaquin Valley and adjacent mtns |
| var. howellii |
| | 11' Stem 20–60 cm, stout; flowers generally > 50; perianth generally white; ovary crest white or green; flowers ± early summer |
| |
| | 12. Stamens exserted 0–2 mm; n Western Transverse Ranges |
| var. clokeyi |
| | 12' Stamens exserted 2–4 mm; s Inner South Coast Ranges |
| var. sanbenitense |
| |
| | 13. Perianth parts (at least inner) dentate to jagged |
| |
| A. jepsonii |
| |
| | 15. Bulb coats brown to gray; perianth ± spreading, tips reflexed, inner parts jagged |
| A. abramsii |
| | 15' Bulb coats red-brown; perianth erect, ± straight, inner parts dentate |
| A. denticulatum |
| | 13' Perianth parts ± entire |
| |
| | 16. Ovary crests entire, notched, or irregular (not dentate) |
| |
| | 17. Perianth 10–18 mm, maroon or deep red-purple |
| |
| | 18. Perianth deep red-purple, tips reflexed; serpentine, San Francisco Bay Area |
| A. sharsmithiae |
| | 18' Perianth maroon, outer tips recurved, inner tips spreading to reflexed; s High Sierra Nevada |
| A. shevockii |
| | 17' Perianth 6–9 mm, white to pink, becoming darker |
| |
| | 19. Inflorescence compact, pedicels straight; perianth parts elliptic to ovate, obtuse to acute |
| A. munzii |
| | 19' Inflorescence loose, pedicels curved in fruit; perianth parts lanceolate, acuminate |
| A. parryi |
| | 16' Ovary crests dentate to deeply cut |
| |
| | 20. Perianth deep red-purple, tips generally recurved-spreading |
| 2 A. fimbriatum var. fimbriatum |
| | 20' Perianth white to lavender, midveins darker, tips erect |
| |
| | 21. Flowers generally 8–12 mm |
| 2 A. fimbriatum |
| | 22. Stem slender, 10–25 cm; East of Sierra Nevada, Mojave Desert |
| var. mohavense |
| | 22' Stem stout, 10–37 cm; serpentine, s North Coast Ranges |
| var. purdyi |
| | 21' Flowers generally 6–9 mm |
| |
| | 23. Stem slender, 7–20 cm; perianth erect; South Coast Ranges, Western Transverse Ranges |
| A. diabolense |
| | 23' Stem stout, 25–50 cm; perianth spreading from base; serpentine, c Sierra Nevada Foothills |
| A. tuolumnense |
| | 2' Leaves 2+ per stem (if 1, leaf flat or channeled); ovary crests generally ± 0 |
| |
| | 24. Bulb oblong, clustered on stout rhizome — bulb coats finely lined with narrow, vertically oriented cells |
| |
| | 25. Stem 10–40 cm; perianth parts narrowly ovate, acute; stamens included |
| A. haematochiton |
| | 25' Stem 50–100 cm; perianth parts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; stamens exserted |
| A. validum |
| | 24' Bulb ovoid to ± spheric; rhizomes 0 or slender, with 1 new bulb at tip |
| |
| | 26. Ovary crests 6, prominent, triangular; daughter bulbs generally clustered at bulb base or on slender rhizome |
| |
| | 27. Leaves generally withered in flower; perianth rigid-keeled, ± shiny in fruit, tip margins rolled inward |
| A. campanulatum |
| | 27' Leaves generally green in flower; perianth not keeled, papery in fruit, tip margins ± flat |
| |
| | 28. Perianth parts lanceolate, acuminate; s High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province |
| A. bisceptrum var. bisceptrum |
| | 28' Perianth parts ovate to elliptic, acute; n&c California |
| A. membranaceum |
| | 26' Ovary crests 0 or inconspicuous, not triangular; daughter bulbs 1–3, ± = parent bulb and formed within its coats or on stout rhizomes |
| |
| | 29. Leaves flat or widely channeled, ± sickle-shaped; (dry) plant in fruit breaking at soil surface |
| |
| | 30. Outer bulb coat sculpture clearly net-like throughout |
| |
| | 31. Bulb coat sculpture laterally elongate, rectangular, thin-walled, in ± regular rows |
| |
| | 32. Perianth parts linear-lanceolate |
| A. anceps |
| | 32' Perianth parts oblanceolate to ovate |
| |
| | 33. Stem 15–20 cm, inflorescence held well above soil surface; pedicel > flower |
| A. lemmonii |
| | 33' Stem 3–10 cm, inflorescence held close to soil surface; pedicel ± = flower |
| A. punctum |
| | 31' Bulb coat sculpture ± square or polygonal, curved and irregular if laterally elongate |
| |
| | 34. Bulb coat sculpture ± laterally elongate, curved, irregularly arranged |
| A. tribracteatum |
| | 34' Bulb coat sculpture ± rectangular, square, or polygonal |
| A. obtusum |
| | 35. Leaf 1 per stem; perianth parts pink, lanceolate, acute |
| var. conspicuum |
| | 35' Leaves 1 or 2 per stem; perianth parts white, oblong-elliptic, obtuse |
| var. obtusum |
| | 30' Outer bulb coat sculpture 0 or only 2–3 rows of vertical cells above root pad |
| |
| | 36. Stem cylindric or slightly compressed, not winged |
| |
| | 37. Stamens well including |
| |
| | 38. Leaves straight or barely sickle-shaped; flowers > 10; California Floristic Province |
| A. cratericola |
| | 38' Leaves strongly sickle-shaped; flowers generally 5–10; High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province |
| 2 A. parvum |
| | 37' Stamens exserted or ± = perianth |
| |
| A. yosemitense |
| |
| A. burlewii |
| | 40' Filaments bumpy or warty near base |
| A. hoffmanii |
| | 36' Stem flattened, generally winged above |
| |
| | 41. Perianth parts narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate; stamens exserted |
| A. platycaule |
| | 41' Perianth parts lanceolate to ovate, obtuse to long-acuminate; stamens including |
| |
| | 42. Leaves generally 6–8 mm wide; perianth parts 9–15 mm, long-acuminate |
| A. falcifolium |
| | 42' Leaves < 6 mm wide; perianth parts 6–10 mm, obtuse to acute |
| |
| | 43. Perianth parts lanceolate, acute (tip margins inrolled, so appearing acuminate) |
| A. tolmiei var. tolmiei |
| | 43' Perianth parts widely lanceolate to ovate, obtuse, ± flat |
| |
| | 44. Inner bulb coats white; perianth parts not keeled |
| 2 A. parvum |
| | 44' Inner bulb coats generally pink to red; perianth parts keeled in fruit |
| A. siskiyouense |
| | 29' Leaves narrowly channeled to ± cylindric, if flat, not sickle-shaped; plant persistent (sometimes not dry) in fruit |
| |
| | 45. Bulb coat sculpture 0 or obscure |
| |
| | 46. Bulb symmetric, present at flowering; rhizome 0 |
| |
| | 47. Longest inflorescence bracts >> pedicels; perianth parts 4.5–7 mm |
| A. paniculatum var. paniculatum |
| | 47' Longest inflorescence bracts < to = pedicels; perianth parts 7–18 mm |
| |
| | 48. Inflorescence ± hemispheric; flowers erect; perianth parts widely elliptic, obtuse |
| A. neapolitanum |
| | 48' Inflorescence open, ± 1-sided; flowers drooping; perianth parts lanceolate, acute |
| A. triquetrum |
| | 46' Bulb oblique, gone by flower; new bulbs borne on rhizome tips originating from old bulb root pad |
| |
| | 49. Rhizomes conspicuous, generally > 3 cm; leaves widely channeled, flat, or keeled; perianth parts ovate, spreading, entire |
| A. unifolium |
| | 49' Rhizomes inconspicuous, < 2 cm; leaves ± cylindric; perianth parts ± lanceolate, erect, at least inner finely serrate |
| A. bolanderi |
| | 50. Bulb oblique-ovoid, coats breaking with a serrate edge; perianth parts 8–12 mm, narrowly ovate |
| var. bolanderi |
| | 50' Bulb oblique-oblong, tuber-like, coats breaking with an irregular edge; perianth parts 9–14 mm, narrowly lanceolate |
| var. mirabile |
| | 45' Bulb coat sculpture obvious, net-like (with hand lens), meshes prominent, thick-walled |
| |
| | 51. Bulb coat sculpture square or polygonal |
| |
| | 52. Perianth parts 8–15 mm, spreading or tips reflexed, inner dentate |
| A. acuminatum |
| | 52' Perianth parts 4–9 mm, erect or spreading from base, entire |
| A. lacunosum |
| | 53. Stem 10–25 cm; inflorescence dense, pedicel 0.7–1.5 × flower |
| |
| | 54. Leaves generally < stem; stem 15–25 cm; flowers generally < 7 mm; s Sierra Nevada Foothills, Tehachapi Mountain Area, w Mojave Desert |
| A. lacunosum var. kernense |
| | 54' Leaves > stem; stem 10–20 cm; flowers 7–9 mm; coast, coast ranges |
| var. lacunosum |
| | 53' Stem 15–35 cm; inflorescence open, pedicel 1.5–3.5 × flower |
| |
| | 55. Bracts 2; flower 6–8 mm; Transverse Ranges, East of Sierra Nevada, Mojave Desert |
| var. davisiae |
| | 55' Bracts 3; flower 4–6 mm; Inner South Coast Ranges |
| var. micranthum |
| | 51' Bulb coat sculpture laterally elongate, in ± vertical herringbone pattern, or ± twisted |
| |
| | 56. Bulb coat sculpture in wavy lateral rows (herringbone pattern indistinct); perianth parts spreading, outer ± = inner |
| |
| | 57. Stem 5–17 cm; perianth parts erect in fruit; flowers persistent — Central Coast |
| A. hickmanii |
| | 57' Stem 15–50 cm; perianth parts folding over ovary in fruit; flowers and pedicels deciduous |
| |
| | 58. Ovary crests 6, lateral, ± rectangular; inflorescence dense, pedicels 0.7–2 × flower |
| A. amplectens |
| | 58' Ovary crests 3, central, minute or 0; inflorescence loose, pedicels 1.5–4 × flower length |
| |
| | 59. Leaves 1–3(4) mm wide, widely channeled or cylindric; inner bulb coats light yellow; perianth translucent in fruit |
| A. hyalinum |
| | 59' Leaves (3)4–6 mm wide, keeled, widely channeled or flat; inner bulb coats white; perianth ± opaque, papery in fruit |
| A. praecox |
| | 56' Bulb coat sculpture in sharply serrate lateral rows, herringbone pattern distinct; perianth parts erect, outer > inner |
| |
| | 60. Perianth parts folded over ovary in fruit; flowers and pedicels deciduous |
| A. serra |
| | 60' Perianth parts erect, rigid in fruit; flowers persistent |
| |
| | 61. Leaves 3–6, curved to curled; inflorescence dense, pedicels erect, 0.7–2 × flower; sea cliffs |
| A. dichlamydeum |
| | 61' Leaves 2–3, straight to ± curved; inflorescence open, pedicels spreading, 1–3 × flower; not sea cliffs |
| |
| | 62. Inner perianth parts dentate, curled |
| A. crispum |
| | 62' Inner perianth parts entire to dentate, not curled |
| A. peninsulare |
| | 63. Leaves curved; flowers 8–12 mm, stigma minute, entire; Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area |
| var. franciscanum |
| | 63' Leaves straight; flowers 10–15 mm, stigma 3-lobed or head-like; widespread |
| var. peninsulare
|