| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual or perennial herb, ± mealy (hairs drying as minute white scales); sap milky
Leaves mostly basal, generally linear to (ob)lanceolate, generally variably entire to pinnately lobed
Inflorescence: heads solitary, ligulate, ± nodding in bud; involucre generally fusiform to spheric; phyllaries in 2–several series, outer overlapping, inner often ± black-hairy; receptacle naked
Flowers 5–many; corollas white to orange, often reddish below, ligules = to >> involucre, readily withering
Fruit cylindric to fusiform, generally square-topped, not beaked; ribs ± 10, ± scabrous; pappus of generally 5–many ± lanceolate, bristle-tipped scales
Etymology: (Greek: small chicory)
Reference: [Chambers Contr Dudley Herb Stanford U: 1955 4:207–312 & 1957 5:57–68]
Hybridization common. Self-pollinating (annual) or self-incompatible and ± complex (perennial herb).
| Native |
Perennial 15–75 cm, generally few-branched and leafy below
Leaf 10–35 cm, wavy-margined to lobed, long-tapered
Inflorescence: involucre 12–25 mm, glabrous or mealy; outer phyllaries ovate, < inner, recurved
Flowers 25–70; ligules yellow
Fruit 5–11 mm, not wider at tip, straw-colored or dull white, smooth or outermost scabrous on ribs; pappus scales 5–10 mm, bristles 6–9 mm, barbed
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Uncommon. Grassland, open woods
Elevation: < 1500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Inner North Coast Ranges, Sacramento Valley, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Tehachapi Mountain Area, eastern San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast Ranges.