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BURSERACEAE

TORCHWOOD FAMILY

Niall F. McCarten

Trees, shrubs, dioecious or monoecious
Stem generally erect, < 15 m
Leaves simple or compound; cauline, generally alternate, deciduous, petioled; leaf axis often winged, glabrous to densely hairy
Inflorescence: panicle or flower solitary
Flower radial; disk ring- or cup-shaped; sepals 3–5; petals 0–5; stamens generally 1–2 X number of petals; ovary superior, chambers 2–5, style 0 or 1
Fruit: drupe or capsule; stones 1–5, each 1-seeded
Genera in family: 17 genera; 500 species: worldwide especially tropical; some cultivated (Boswellia, frankincense; Commiphora, myrrh; Bursera ).

BURSERA

ELEPHANT TREE, TOROTE

Trees, aromatic
Stem < 10 m; bark smooth, shedding
Inflorescence: panicle
Flower: sepals 5; petals 5, arising from disk; stamens 10; ovary chambers 3
Fruit: valves 2–3
Species in genus: 60 species: tropical Am
Etymology: (J. Burser, born 1500's)

Native

B. microphylla A. Gray

ELEPHANT TREE


Stem < 4 m; branches spreading, generally red; mature bark white
Flower: sepals ± 5 mm; petals ± 4 mm, white to cream
Leaf pinnately compound, 2–8 cm, glabrous; leaflets 7–33, 5–10 mm
Fruit: valves 3; stone yellow
Ecology: Rocky slopes
Elevation: < 700 m.
Bioregional distribution: w edge Sonoran Desert (San Diego Co.)
Distribution outside California: to Arizona, Mexico
Flowering time: Early Summer
Population highly localized. B. hindsiana (Benth.) Engler (some leaves simple) has been reported but not confirmed from PR (s San Diego Co.).

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