POACEAE

GRASS FAMILY

James P. Smith, Jr., except as specified

Annual to bamboo-like; roots generally fibrous
Stem generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid
Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base
Inflorescence various (of generally many spikelets)
Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1–many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally ± transparent, ± enclosed by lemma
Flower generally bisexual, minute; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose
Fruit: achene-like grain
Genera in family: 650–900 genera; ± 10,000 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials)
Reference: [Hitchcock 1951 Manual grasses US, USDA Misc Publ 200; Clayton & Renvoise 1986 Kew Bull Add Series 13]
See Glossary p. 26 for illustrations of general family characteristics. Generally wind-pollinated.

LEYMUS

Mary E. Barkworth

Perennial, generally from rhizomes
Leaf: ligule membranous; blade flat or rolled, strongly ribbed above, glabrous or hairy
Inflorescence generally spike-like (panicle-like in L. condensatus), dense, generally > upper cauline leaves; some nodes with 2+, generally sessile spikelets
Spikelet: glumes < spikelet, lanceolate, membranous, flexible or narrowly lanceolate to awl-like, stiff; axis breaking above glumes and between florets; florets 2–7; lemma acute to short-awned; palea < lemma; anthers 2.5–7 mm
Species in genus: 31 species: North America., Eurasia
Etymology: (Anagram of Elymus)
Reference: [Barkworth & Atkins 1984 Amer J Bot 71:609–625]
Some species important in revegetation, often on saline soils. Sometimes treated in Elymus.

Native

L. mollis (Trin.) Pilg. subsp. mollis

From rhizomes
Stem 5–13 dm, densely hairy below inflorescence
Leaf: ligule 0.5–1 mm; blade 5–15 mm wide, upper surface ± scabrous
Inflorescence 12–30 cm; spikelets 3+ per node, sessile or stalked
Spikelet: glumes 13–30 mm, lanceolate, flat, slightly to densely hairy; lemma 12–20 mm, densely hairy, acute to awn-tipped
Chromosomes: 2n=28
Ecology: Sandy beaches
Elevation: generally < 10 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Central Coast
Distribution outside California: to Alaska, Asia
Synonyms: Elymus m. Trin
Hybridizes with L. triticoides (see L. X vancouverensis ). Other subsp. arctic.
Horticultural information: DRN: 4, 5, 15, 16, 17 &IRR: 7, 8, 9, 14, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24; also STBL.