LILIACEAE

LILY FAMILY

Dale W. McNeal, except as specified

Perennial to trees, from membranous bulb, fibrous corm, scaly rhizome, or erect caudex
Stem generally underground
Leaves generally basal, often withering early, alternate, generally ± linear
Inflorescence various, generally bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; perianth often showy, segments generally 6 in two petal-like whorls (outer sometimes sepal-like), free or fused at base; stamens 6 (or 3 + generally 3 ± petal-like staminodes), filaments sometimes attached to perianth or fused into a tube or crown; ovary superior or inferior, chambers 3, placentas generally axile, style generally 1, stigmas generally 3
Fruit: generally capsule, loculicidal or septicidal (berry or nut)
Genera in family: ± 300 genera, 4600 species: especially ± dry temp and subtropical; many cultivated for ornamental or food; some TOXIC. Here includes genera sometimes treated in Agavaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and other families.

FRITILLARIA

FRITILLARY

Bryan D. Ness

Perennial; bulb with 1–several large fleshy scales, 0–many small scales
Stem erect, simple (0 in non-flower plants)
Leaves alternate (or whorled below), sessile, linear to ± ovate (1 "bulb-leaf" in non-flower plants)
Inflorescence: raceme; bracts leaf-like
Flower generally nodding, bell- or cup-shaped; perianth segments 6, of 2 similar whorls; nectaries 6, on perianth parts; stamens 6, included, inserted at perianth base, anthers attached ± near middle; ovary ± sessile, style 1, entire or 3-branched
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal, thin walled, ± rounded, 6-angled, or winged, chambers 3
Seeds many, 2 rows per chamber, flat, brownish
Species in genus: ± 100 species: n temp
Etymology: (Latin: dicebox, from fruit shape)
Reference: [Turrill & Sealy 1980 Hooker's Icones Plantarum 34:1–275]
Bulbs of some eaten by Indians of North America
Horticultural information: DRN: for pots or rock gardens; DRY when dormant. Most are very DFCLT.

Native

F. pudica (Pursh) Spreng.

YELLOW FRITILLARY

Bulb; large scales 4–5; small scales 85–125
Stem 0.7–3 dm
Leaves 2–8, alternate, 3–20 cm, linear to lanceolate
Flower nodding; perianth parts 0.8–2.2 cm, yellow to orange, some lined brown, aging brick-red; nectary near base of perianth part, elliptic to round, green; style entire
Fruit angled
Chromosomes: 2n=24,26
Ecology: Common. Grassy, shrubby, or wooded slopes
Elevation: < 2100 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Cascade Range, n Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Montana, Wyoming
Highly variable
Horticultural information: DRY, SUN: 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 15; DFCLT.