TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 12 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.
Annual, green root-parasites
Leaves sessile, ± linear; upper finely divided
Inflorescence: spike; bracts generally leaf-like
Flower: calyx ± equally 4-lobed; corolla club-shaped (except T. pusilla ), lips nearly equal, upper lip beak-like, tip open, lower lip deeply 3-pouched, 3-toothed, throat abruptly indented forming a fold; stamens 4, anther sac 1; stigma generally slightly enlarged, entire to slightly 2-lobed
Fruit loculicidal, ± ovoid
Seeds many, 0.81.2 mm, ovoid, attached at base; coat netted, generally tight-fitting
Species in genus: 5 species: w North America
Etymology: (Greek: 3 bladders, from lower lip pouches)
Reference: [Chuang & Heckard 1991 Syst Bot 16:644666]
Hybrids common . Related to Castilleja and Orthocarpus but isolated reproductively
Horticultural information: TRY with host; DFCLT
Native |
Plant generally 1035 cm, purplish, puberulent and glandular- and nonglandular-hairy
Leaf 1050 mm, 37-lobed
Inflorescence 215 cm, dense above; bracts 518 mm, 35-lobed
Flower: calyx 813 mm, divided 1/41/2; corolla 1025 mm, sulphur-yellow or white (beak dark purple), tube slender, densely puberulent, ± 2 X calyx, lower lip ± = beak, pouches 34 mm deep; stamens included
Fruit 58 mm, oblong
Seeds 3050, dark brown
Chromosomes: 2n=22
Ecology: Common. Grassland, foothills, coastal fields
Elevation: < 1300 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: sw Oregon